The Research On Tobacco Industrial In Quwo County,shanxi Province During The Ming And Qing Dynasties

In the late Ming Dynasty,a businessman from Quwo County brought tobacco seeds home.When the dynasty alternated,the tobacco helped the people of Quwo County survived.Then other parts of Shanxi Province began to grow tobacco.In the southern part of Shanxi Province,the widespread cultivation of tobacco has changed the traditional agricultural planting structure and gave birth to the tobacco processing industrial.The development of tobacco processing industrial in Quwo County was divided into two stages in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.The early stage was a family workshop established by local small businessmen,and the latter was dominated by the capital-rich Shanxi businessmen.The attitude of the peasants changed from a wait-and-see attitude to an active cooperation.The cooperative relationship between farmers and businessmen was self-established.This market operation mechanism consisting of all aspects of planting,processing,transshipment,sales and consumption has promoted the process of universal smoking.Unlike modern society,smoking in the Qing Dynasty not only included the consumption of tobacco products since the Ming Dynasty,but also increased opium smoke and opium.Opium was originally an oral medication.In the early Qing Dynasty,people added opium to tobacco to make "opium smoke".During the Qianlong period,there is no need to mix tobacco,and opium can be used alone as if it were tobacco.The connotation of smoking has expanded.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,smoking was generally considered to be harmless to health.If someone injured or died because of smoking,it was because of their indulgence and intemperance.At that time,the rulers believed that the cultivation of tobacco hindered the growth of food crops,the import of opium jeopardized the state’s finances,and smoking harmed social customs,so they banned planting and smoking.Smokers believe that smoking was a leisure time consumption,which promoted the development of social economy and objectively promoted the change of tangible and intangible urban space.