The Influence Of Father Absence On Juveniles' Frustration Endurance And Optimism

Many children are experiencing father absence in China.Many farmers flow from rural areas to cities for more money with their children stay in the countrysides.In many cities,many fathers are busy earning money for the family and seldom communicate with their children.Also some fathers have poor relationships with children because of the lack of the correct education methods.These are all the forms of father absence.Numerous foreign studies have demonstrated that a series of negative behavior and cognitive results of children are related to father absence.However,the study of father absence in our country just started and lacks empirical research that can be used for reference.Therefore,this research takes junior high school students and juvenile delinquents as object.This research uses father absence status questionnaire,frustration endurance questionnaire and life orientation scale for middle school students.This research divides father absence into physiological absence and psychological absence and also divide the time of father absence into two specific phases.Phase 1 is from 6 to 12 years old and phase 2 is from12 years old to now,in order to explore the influence of different phases of father absence on juveniles' frustration endurance and optimism.The results show that:(1)The overall level of frustration endurance of junior high school students and juvenile delinquents are ordinary,there is a lot of room to improve.The overall level of optimism of junior high school students and juvenile delinquents are above-average.(2)There is no significant difference on the variables of gender or whether only child about frustration endurance for junior high school students.Eighth graders' level of frustration endurance is significantly lower than seventh graders and ninth graders.Rural junior high school students' level of frustration endurance is significantly higher than urban junior high school students.There is no significant difference on the variables of grade or native place about optimism for junior high school students.Girls' level of optimism is higher than boys.Only children' s level of optimism is higher than non-only children.(3)The level of frustration endurance of juvenile delinquents who have stayed in juvenile criminal prison for 3-4 years are significantly higher than juvenile delinquents who have stayed in juvenile criminal prison for 0-6 months,7-12 months,1-2 years and 2-3 years.The level of optimism of juvenile delinquents who have stayed in juvenile criminal prison for 3-4 years are significantly higher than juvenile delinquents who have stayed in juvenile criminal prison for 0-6 months,7-12 months and 1-2 years.And the level of optimism of juvenile delinquents who have stayed in juvenile criminal prison for 2-3 years are significantly higher than juvenile delinquents who have stayed in juvenile criminal prison for 0-6 months.But there is no significant difference on the variables of age,native place or whether only child about frustration endurance and optimism.(4)The father physiological absence and psychological absence of phase 1(from 6years old to 12 years old)and phase 2(from 12 years old to now)can both significantly negatively forecast frustration endurance and optimism of junior high school students.(5)The father physiological absence of phase 1 can significantly negatively forecast frustration endurance of juvenile delinquents,but can't significantly forecast optimism of juvenile delinquents.Father psychological absence of phase 1 and father absence of phase 2 can't significantly forecast the frustration endurance or optimistic of juvenile delinquents.