On The Qing Government's Policies Of "Opening Up The Mountains And Appeasing The Aborigines" In Taiwan (1874-1895)

“Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines”is an important principle of the Qing government in Taiwan,especially aboriginal settlement known as “Aborigines areas”.From 1874 to 1895,the policies of “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines” were actively implemented by the successive Fujian and Taiwan officials.Since modern times,the powers had continued to create intrusions into Taiwan and undermine the Qing government's sovereignty and power over Taiwan.In addition,the Qing governmengt carried out the long-standing negative ethnic policies in Taiwan affected the stable development of the ethnic relationship.In this complicated situation,the Qing government gradually attached importance to Taiwan's strategic position,vigorously developed“Aborigines areas” and properly recruited “Aborigines”.The implementation of the policies of “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines” paved the way for Taiwan to build the province in the modern history of China.Therefore,it is especially necessary to study the Qing government's policies of “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines”in Taiwan.This paper systematically discusses the followingaspects.Firstly,it discusses the policies of “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines” during the patrolling period of Shen Baozhen in Taiwan.At the same time,the system introduces the main implementation background and reasons of“Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines”.In addition,the Huaijun general Tang Dingkui and Wu Yi Ming Jun stationed in Taiwan,consolidated defense affairs,fought against Japanese and protected Taiwan,and actively cooperated with Shen Baozhen to carry out “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines”.Secondly,it discusses Ding Richang's main policies of“Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines”during his period.First of all,it introduces that Wang Kaitai proposed the system of “Winter and Spring in Taiwan,Summer and Autumn in the Province”.Then,it analyzes the reasons why Ding Richang canceled the patrol system and clarified the process of Ding Richang's proposal to resume the old system.Thirdly,it discusses the policies of “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines” implemented by Liu Mingchuan during his period in Taiwan.First of all,it intruduces Liu Ao who was the main governor in Taiwan and hispolicies of “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines”.In addition,it generalizes the history of Taiwan's construction from the prevention of internal control to the prevention of foreign affairs,from the temporary difficulty to build the province to the overall situation of the province.Fourthly,It discusses the policies of “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines” of other important people,including Wu Zancheng went twice to Taiwan and CenYuying went twice to Taiwan.In addition,it also introduces the policies of “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines” of related figures such as Bao Heng,Li Mingchi,Le Fangqi,Zhang Zhaodong,Yang Changjun,Shao Youlian and so on.Finally,it generalizes Li Hongzhang who was an important role in the late of Qing Dynasty,and had an significant impact on the process of “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines”.The Qing government's policies of “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines” had a profound impact on Taiwan in the modern history of China.The policies of “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines”involved the political,economic,military,cultural,and educational aspects of Taiwan and “Aborigines areas”,whichaccelerated the development and construction of “Aborigines areas”;safeguarded the ethnic relations in Taiwan;and strengthened Taiwan and coastal areas;promoted the development of Taiwan's modernization;defended the Qing government's sovereignty over Taiwan and consolidated its power.The process of “Opening up the Mountains and Appeasing the Aborigines” provided a good opportunity for Taiwan to establish a province and laid a solid foundation,which was of great significance in the modern history of China.At the same time,it confirms that Taiwan is always Chinese inherent territory,cross-strait exchange has a long history and that the cross-strait culture is in the same vein.