Life?writing And Thought Research Of Nguyen Trai

From the 14 th century to 15 th century,there was an important changing period in the ancient history of Vietnam.Nguyen Trai was a representative of Vietnamese politics,literature and ideology during this period.However,for a long time,the Chinese academic scholars has done inadequate researches on Nguyen Trai.Therefore,the thesis taked Nguyen Trai as the research object,hoping to have a holistic understanding of Nguyen Trai.First of all,from the perspective of the whole history,this thesis discussed the social changes in the four stages from the end of the Tran dynasty to the early period of the Le dynasty,and the historical activities Nguyen Trai participated during this period.The first stage(1380-1400).At this time,the clan aristocratic ruling system collapsed in the late Tran dynasty,the status of Confucianism was increasing and the national consciousness had developed.The political status of the Nguyen Trai's clan was lowered due to Tran Phu's prevention against the aristocracy.As a result,Nguyen Trai learned from his grandfather Tran Nguyen Dan and his father Nguyen Phi Khanh,and acquired a deep knowledge of Confucianism and literature,which laid a foundation for his later achievements.In the second stage(1400-1407),Ho Quy Ly attempted to establish a centralized political system based on Confucian bureaucrats,which would make Confucianism the ruling ideology of the state,and promoted the Vietnamese native scrip-Nom.During this period,owing to the relationship between Nguyen Trai's family and Ho Quy Ly's family,Nguyen Trai's great talent and the rising status of Confucianism,Nguyen Trai successfully became an official of the Ho dynasty.After witnessing the social unrest at the end of the Tran dynasty and the reform of Ho Quy Ly,Nguyen Trai got a deep understanding of the history and reality of the country.In the third period(1407-1427),the Ming dynasty re-established Vietnamese society.The political system and ideological culture of the Ming dynasty laid a solid foundation for Vietnam's social reform,and inspired the Vietnamese national consciousness.So Nguyen Trai joined the Lam Son Uprising,where he recruited talents and made suggestions for Le Loi.Finally they won the war.Then Nguyen Trai's Binh Ngo Dai Cao proclaimed the legitimacy of Vietnam's national independence.In the fourth stage(1427-1442),the Le dynasty established a centralized bureaucratic State based on the Confucian intellectuals,and established an exclusive position for Confucianism in society.Meanwhile,the national consciousness had reached a new height.As a founder of the state,Nguyen Trai participated in the construction of the political system of the Le dynasty.He advised the emperor to practise the policy of benevolence,establish a social order based on Confucianism,which promoted the course of Vietnam's history.The second part analyzed Nguyen Trai's Uc Trai Tap,which was composed of three parts: The first part summarized Uc Trai Tap's book-making process.Uc Trai Tap was written by Duong Bo Cung in the Nguyen dynasty,based on Nguyen Trai's writing and collected information from forefathers.The second part introduced the content of the six volumes.The third part analyzed the value of Uc Trai Tap from the perspective of literary history and ideological history.From the perspective of literary history,Uc Trai Tap reflected the development of Literature-in-Chinese of Vietnam from the 14 th century to 15 th century and the influence of Chinese Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism on Literature-in-Chinese of Vietnam.In terms of ideological history,Uc Trai Tap embodied the development of Vietnamese Confucianism and the development of Vietnamese national consciousness.The third part studied Nguyen Trai's thoughts from three aspects: his national thoughts,thoughts of benevolence and righteousness and outlook on life.Nguyen Trai's national thoughts were based on the original historical memory and ideological resources,combined with the needs of reality.He constructed independence and equality between Vietnam and China from territory,custom,culture,system and history.Nguyen Trai ' s thoughts of benevolence and righteousness were the combination between Confucian benevolence and righteousness and Vietnamese reality.As his core political philosophy,Nguyen Trai applied his thoughts of benevolence and righteousness to the war against the Ming dynasty and to the consolidation of the rule of Le dynasty,which promoted the development of Confucianism in Vietnam.Furthermore,Nguyen Trai believed in Confucianism all his life,strictly abided by the thoughts of loyalty,filial piety andrighteousness,and taught others with Confucian ethics and morality.Finally,the thesis concluded that Nguyen Trai was born into a social change period and pushed the process of social change.As a politician,a writer and a thinker,he had left a deep mark on history of Vietnams.