Resilience And Influence Factors In Children With Early Trauma Experience

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the present situation of early trauma and resilience among children,and to explore the influence factors of child resilience,so as to provide scientific basis for promoting the resilience of children with early trauma experience.Methods: Participants were chosen by cluster sampling from two primary schools(grades 5-6)and two middle schools(grades 7-9)in Wuhan City.All subjects completed self-report questionnaires,including general information,the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ),the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory(NEO-FFI).The data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0,including descriptive statistics,single-factor analysis,and hierarchical linear regression analysis.Results: A total of 2993 students were investigated and 2682 valid samples were included in the data analysis,the effective response rate was 91.4%.Among the 2682 students,1022 were in primary school,1660 were in middle school,1353 were males,1329 were females,and the mean age(SD)of the sample was 12.45(SD = 1.37)years.1.Child resilience: The mean score(SD)of CD-RISC of the sample was 65.00(SD = 17.78).There were significant age differences in CD-RISC score(P<0.01).Male,primary school student,single child,higher levels of parents' education,better relationship between parents,and better family economic status were associated with higher levels of resilience(P<0.05).2.Early trauma: The prevalence rates of early trauma,emotional abuse,physical abuse,sexual abuse,emotional neglect,and physical neglect of the sample were 29.2%,3.7%,4.4%,4.1%,15.2%,17.8%,respectively.There were significant age differences in the prevalence rate of early trauma(P<0.01).Male,children with siblings,lower levels of parents' education,poorer relationship between parents,and poorer family economic status were associated with increased risk of early trauma(P<0.01).3.Child personality traits: The mean scores(SD)of neuroticism,extraversion,openness,agreeableness,and conscientiousness of the sample were 30.99(8.84),44.15(7.30),43.39(6.38),43.37(6.94),44.08(8.23),respectively.There were significant differences in personality traits levels in subjects with different gender,age,single child,parents' education,parents' relationship,and family economic status(P<0.05).4.Influence factors of child resilience: Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that female,emotional neglect,physical neglect,neuroticism,and agreeableness were risk factors for child resilience,while extraversion,openness,and conscientiousness were protective factors for child resilience.Conclusions: Emotional neglect,physical neglect,neuroticism,and agreeableness are negatively associated with child resilience,while extraversion,openness,and conscientiousness are positively associated with resilience among children.The results suggest that reducing emotional neglect,physical neglect experience and developing adaptive personality traits may contribute to child resilience.