Research On The Predicate-object Structure In The Biographies Of Shiji

Shiji is the first history of the biography of the Chinese people,and it is the language record of the western Han dynasty,which reflects the language features of the time,and its language value is that it goes without saying.In addition,in order to make a comprehensive analysis of the development of Chinese history,it is necessary to carry out the research on the study of the end of the generation.This paper select Shiji as a corpus to study the predicate-object structure mentioned in the Shiji in a comprehensive and exhausted way and respectively research for the predicate-object structure,object structure,semantic relations,and word order.This paper is divided into four chapters.That the origins of the first chapter is the introduction part introduces the selected topic,the status of the predicate-object structure in Chinese syntactic structure system,shiji in the position in Chinese characters,the structure of the above Penn research present situation and the present situation of linguistic study of shiji and of the predicate-object structure,the definition and research methods.The second chapter researches the predicate in the biographies of Shiji.This chapter analyzes the composition of the speech from the perspective of the part of speech,and concludes that the predicate is mainly a verb,and the noun,adjective and numeral can also be filled.This paper divides the verb into behavior verbs,mental activities verbs,existential verbs and modal verbs,with the highest number and highest frequency.Nouns,adjectives can be used as general verbs,they can also be used for shidong and yidong;Numerals predicate is the least,and the frequency is the lowest.The third chapter is the study of the object in the biographies of Shiji.From the perspective of speech,nouns,pronouns,adjectives,numerals and verbs can be taken as objects.From the point of view of structure,Nominal phrases and predicate nominal phrases can be taken as objects.From the perspective of the semantic role of the object,it can be divided into the active object and the dynamic object.The fourth chapter is the relationship on the predicate-object structure in Thebiographies of Shiji.In this chapter,we study on the semantic relation of predicate-object structure and relation of word order.In the aspect of semantic relationship,based on the predecessors’ research of classification and junction and biographies of shiji actual semantic relationships can be divided into 10 categories–for domination,for relating,for shidong,for yidong,for yindong,for yudong,for yudong,for xiangdong,for duidong,for weidong.In the aspect of word order,this paper analyzes the word order relation of the predicate-object structure from three aspects: the word order of general predicate-object,the word order of two object’s predicate-object structure and the object are preposed.Epilogue part puts forward the research conclusion of this paper: from the syntactic form,the ancient Chinese and modern Chinese sentence order,mostly in accordance with the order of the “subject--predicate--object”,only a few is an object placed before the verb and the conditional limit;The predicate is dynamic;The variety of objects is varied,whose the activity ability is strong,the semantic role is rich;In terms of the semantic relation of the structure,the object is the most basic and common form of the semantic role,and the other object semantic role has less relation with other object meanings.In short,there is a lot of research on the predicate-object structure in Shiji,which has a large number and complicated semantic relations.