Analysis Of The Related Factors Of Hypertension And The Association Between Nocturnal Sleep Habits And Hypertension In Chongqing

Objectives: With the aging of the population and the change of people's living habits,the prevalence of hypertension in China is increasing.Abnormal sleep duration and snoring have been proved to be important factors of many diseases,but few similar studies have been carried out in Chongqing.In this study,the Han population in Chongqing was investigated to explore the related factors of hypertension and the association between nocturnal sleep habits and hypertension,in order to provide some guidance for the prevalence and control of hypertension.Methods: 13 districts/counties were selected in Chongqing by cluster sampling,and according to the age and gender structure of Chongqing population in 2018,the number of participants at each age and gender group in each district/county were allocated using the method of stratified random sampling.From September 2018 to January 2019,23342 individuals aged 30~79 were included,of which 23044 have completed the physical examination.After cleaning data,the final sample size of the analysis was 22423.The face-to-face electronic questionnaire,physicalexamination,collection of blood and urine samples were all performed by trained investigators.The blood and urine samples were tested and the results were fed back by the third party laboratory.The data were analyzed by SAS 9.4 software.Classification variables were described by frequency and percentage,and continuous variables were represented by mean±standard deviation(SD).Chi square test and analysis of variance were used for single factor analysis.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between self-reported nocturnal sleeping duration,snoring frequency and hypertension.Results: 22423 subjects were included in this study,and the prevalence of hypertension was 35.25%.Age,gender,education level,drinking and physical exercise,nocturnal sleeping duration,snoring,family history of hypertension,body mass index(BMI),abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia were related to hypertension(P < 0.05).The results of age stratification showed that subjects with nocturnal sleep duration less than 7 hours were1.37 times more likely to have hypertension than those whose nocturnal sleep duration was 7~8 hours(OR = 1.37,95% CI 1.27~1.48).For subjects > 59 years old,those with a nocturnal sleep duration of <7 hours were 1.24 times more likely to have hypertension than the reference group(OR = 1.24,95% CI 1.08~1.43).The results of gender stratification showed that for men and women slept less than 7 hours during night,compared with the reference group,the risk of hypertension was 1.33(OR = 11.33,95% CI 1.19~1.48)and 1.39 times(OR = 1.39,95% CI 1.24~1.56),respectively.The results of age stratification showed that for < 45 and45~59 years old group,the prevalence of hypertension in subjects who snored occasionally was higher than that in non-snoring subjects(< 45: OR= 1.33,95% CI 1.11~1.59;45~59: OR = 1.14,95% CI 1.02~1.27);and the prevalence of hypertension in subjects who snored frequently in all age groups was higher than that in non-snoring subjects(< 45: OR = 1.65,95%CI 1.34~2.02;45~59: OR = 1.53,95% CI 1.37~1.72;> 59: OR = 1.25,95%CI 1.09~1.42).The results of gender stratification showed that the prevalence of hypertension in the snoring group was higher than that in the non-snoring group for both men(OR = 1.47,95% CI 1.33~1.63)and women(OR = 1.97,95% CI 1.75~2.23).Conclusions: Changes in people's lifestyle may have an important impact on the prevalence and control of hypertension.We should improve people's awareness of hypertension and related risks of it,and guide and encourage people to make necessary changes in their eating habits and lifestyle.For people over 59 years old,the risk of hypertension was higher for those whose nocturnal sleep duration was less than 7 hours than those whose nocturnal sleep duration was 7~8 hours.For both men and women,the risk of hypertension was higher when nocturnal sleep duration was less than 7hours.In the daily life,people should ensure the appropriate time of nocturnal sleep duration.Frequent snoring was associated withhypertension in all age and gender groups.Regular snorers should pay close attention to their blood pressure level in order to achieve early prevention of hypertension,especially for snorers under the age of 45 and women who had snoring habits,attention should be paid to their blood pressure changes.It may be helpful to reduce the risk of hypertension by treating snoring and ensuring proper nocturnal sleep duration.