A Study On The Current Situation And Outcomes Of Nurses' Presenteeism

ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation of nurses' presenteeism,to analyze the influencing factors,causes and results of presenteeism,to explore the relationship between nurses' presenteeism,psychological capital and job burnout,and to put forward measures for reducing nurses' presenteeism.In order to provide references for improving nurses' physical and mental health and completing nursing human resource management.Methods1.Study on the current situation and influencing factors of nurses' presenteeism.By using the method of stratified convenience sampling,nurses from13 hospitals in Chongqing were investigated by using nurses' general questionnaire and presenteeism scale.Through statistical description,t-test,analysis of variance and multiple linear regression to understand the current situation of nurses' presenteeism,and to clarify the differences of nurses' presenteeism with different characteristics and influencing factors.2.Study on the relationship between nurses' presenteeism and psychological capital and job burnout.A questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses from 13 hospitals in Chongqing by using presenteeism scale,nurses' psychological capital scale and the maslach burnout inventory.Correlation analysis,hierarchical regression analysis,bias-Corrected bootstrap and structural equation model were used to explore the relationship among nurses' presenteeism,psychological capital and job burnout,and to clarify the mediating effect of psychological capital in nurses' presenteeism and job burnout.3.A qualitative study on the causes and results of nurses' presenteeism.According to the presenteeism model,the interview outline was made from four aspects: individual factors,work factors,organizational factors and team factors.According to the results of the questionnaire,representative nurses and nursing managers were selected for semi-structured interviews,and the Colaizzi 's7 step method was used to determine the topics.Results1.The basic situations of the hospital and nurses.A total of 13 hospitals in Chongqing were investigated,including 4tertiary hospitals,2 secondary hospital,7 first-class hospitals;4 affiliatedhospitals and 9 non-affiliated hospitals.A total of 3227 nurses participated in the questionnaire survey,including 3115 females(96.53%)and 112 males(3.47%);age:21 to 30 years old 1798(55.72%),31 to 45 years old 1178(36.50%)and >45 years old 251(7.78%);marital status:987(30.59%)were unmarried and 2240(69.41%)were married;length of service: 1 to 5 years 1124(35.83%),6 to 10 years 1171(36.29%),>10years 932(28.88%).2.The current situation and influencing factors of nurses' presenteeism.The presenteeism score of nurses was 3.01±1.09.There were statistically significant differences in nurses with different age,marital status,length of service,employment type,professional title,position,hospital type,night shift frequency,health status and income satisfaction(P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that health status,income satisfaction,position,professional title,night shift frequency,hospital type and marital status were the influencing factors of nurses' presenteeism.3.Relationship between nurses' presenteeism and psychological capital and job burnout.The score of nurses' psychological capital was 4.37±0.67,emotional exhaustion was 21.92 ± 6.94,depersonalization was 5.62 ± 3.90,andpersonal accomplishment was 24.54±7.29.Nurses' presenteeism was negatively correlated with psychological capital,personal accomplishment(r=-0.186,-0.094,P<0.01)and positively correlated with emotional exhaustion,depersonalization(r=0.403,0.243,P<0.01).Psychological capital was negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion,depersonalization(r=-0.486,-0.428,P<0.01)and positively correlated with personal accomplishment(r=0.622,P<0.01).Psychological capital plays a mediating effect between nurses' presenteeism and job burnout,and the mediating effect was 19.15%.Psychological capital plays a mediating role between nurses' presenteeism and emotional exhaustion,and the mediating effect was19.64%.Psychological capital plays a mediating role between nurses' presenteeism and depersonalization,and the mediating effect was30.35%.4.The causes and results of nurses' presenteeism.A total of 16 nurses and 7 head nurses participated in the qualitative interview.The causes of nurses' presenteeism were personal factors(poor health condition,poor economic status),work factors(special job characteristics,positive work attitude),organizational factors(strict sick leave management,insufficient staffing),team factors(lack of support from colleagues,influence of team atmosphere,influence of leaders' attitude).The outcomes of nurses' presenteeism included personal aspects(affecting their own health,increasing psychological pressure),organizational aspects(work decrement,affecting patient safety).Measures for reducing nurses' presenteeism included individual aspects(paying attention to their own health,dealing with stress effectively),organizational aspects(Strengthening health management,optimizing sick leave system,improving the allocation of human resources,arranging work tasks reasonably).Conclusion1.The incidence of nurses' presenteeism in Chongqing is higher than that of the national average level.Nurses with poor health,low income satisfaction,head nurses,higher professional titles,higher frequency of night shifts,secondary and tertiary hospitals,and married nurses are more likely to have presenteeism.2.Poor health condition,special job characteristics,positive work attitude,strict sick leave management,insufficient staffing,and lack of support from colleagues are the main reasons for nurses' presenteeism.3.There is a correlation among nurses' presenteeism,psychological capital and job burnout.Presenteeism not only directly affects nurses' job burnout,but also indirectly affects nurses' burnout through psychological capital.4.Nurses' presenteeism has a negative impact on individuals and organizations.Nursing managers and nurses should pay attention to theproblem of nurse's presenteeism and reduce the nurse's presenteeism in many ways.The nurse's presenteeism will produce the negative results such as impairing physical and mental health,work decrement,affecting patient safety.Attention should be paid to the problem of nurse'presenteeism,which can be reduced by strengthening health management,optimizing sick leave system,improving human resource management,and reasonably arranging work tasks.