Problems And Countermeasures On Institutional Rehabilitation Training Of Mentally Retarded Children

Research ObjectiveBased on the theory of rehabilitation for mentally retarded children,social support theory,and government responsibility theory,to investigate the state of institutional rehabilitation training for mentally retarded children in S District C Provinces from the caregivers of mentally retarded children,rehabilitation service agencies and policy executors,to explore problems existing in institutional rehabilitation training for mentally retarded children,and to discuss countermeasures and suggestions for improving the state of institutional rehabilitation training for mentally retarded children.Research Methods1.Literature research method: Through literature review,we formed a systematic thinking,defined and sorted out the concepts and theories related to rehabilitation of mentally retarded children.2.Qualitativeinterview method: On the basis of literature research and expert consultation,a depth-interview was carried out in caregivers of mentally retarded children,managers of rehabilitation service institutions,rehabilitation training personnel,and employees of the government functions through by a self-designed interview outline to understand the current status of institutional rehabilitation for mentally retarded children,and to explore the problems and contradictions in the rehabilitation training for mentally retarded children.3.Colaizzi's7-step data analysis method:After the interview,the interview data were summarized and analyzed with the Colaizzi's7-step data analysis method to obtain a theme that is consistent with the research objective.Research Results1.Most of the mentally retarded children in the three rehabilitation service institutions in the S area are moderate to severe intellectual disabilities.The age group is mainly divided into two age groups: 6 years old and below,7 to 18 years old.The number of mentally retarded children in institutions L,X is 72,83,respectively.While the number of mentally retarded children in institution Y is relatively large,reaching about 300.2.There are still many differences on the rehabilitation training of mentally retarded children in the three rehabilitation service institutions in the S area.Although the rehabilitation training content is roughly the same and training focus varies with age,mainly for improving life self-careability,cognitive ability,social adaptability and so on,the three institutions have not yet formed a unified model for mentally retarded children in terms of types of rehabilitation training,forms of rehabilitation training,and evaluation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation training.The types and forms of rehabilitation training in the three rehabilitation service institutions are different: The types of rehabilitation training in the L and X are all brought back home after rehabilitation training,while the Y has many types of training forms such as full care,monthly care,weekly care,and day care,so it's more complicated in management;the rehabilitation training form of L institution is mainly one-to-one,while the rehabilitation training forms of X and Y are collective training,group training and individual training,and mainly training form in X is individual training,in Y is group training,supplemented by individual training.There are diverse evaluation methods of the effectiveness for mentally retarded children in three institutions,and different improvement measures to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation training.Among them,L relies more on assessment tools,especially relies on the authoritativeness of assessment tools to evaluate and improve;X and Y rely on static assessment scales,changes in the dynamic capabilities of mentally retarded children and parents' feedback,but Y more relies on scale evaluation.3.There are still many difficulties in institutional rehabilitation training for mentally retarded children.First,mentally retarded childrenand their caregivers have great needs for institutional rehabilitation training services and resource support,but the service quality and needs of rehabilitation service institutions are limited,the training effect should be further improved.Mentally retarded children accept institutional rehabilitation training make caregivers under greater financial pressure and employment difficulties,but the government has limitations in rehabilitation training assistance and family support for mentally retarded children.Second,the development of rehabilitation service institutions lacks standardization and specialization.There are many difficulties in site selection,social acceptance,financial support,institutional approval,etc.Institutions also lack of professional talents,resulting in insufficient professional support of institutional rehabilitation training and services for mentally retarded children and unsatiable realistic demands of children's rehabilitation training.Third,the rehabilitation support policy for mentally retarded children is not systematic,so the beneficiaries are limited,mainly focusing on the rehabilitation assistance support for mentally retarded children aged 6 and below.Meanwhile,the management of rehabilitation service institutions has not been standardized,policy support and management is loose,supervision is difficult.Research Conclusion and CountermeasuresMentally retarded children and their caregivers have a large demand for rehabilitation training services and resource support,but service supplyand quality are limited,rehabilitation service institutions lack standardized and professional development,and have not yet formed a unified and efficient rehabilitation training model for the rehabilitation training of mentally retarded children;Moreover,there are limited support,loose management and regulatory difficulties of institutions for mentally retarded children,which has led to contradictions in the rehabilitation training services among mentally retarded children's families,rehabilitation service agencies,and policy implementation department.To improve the state of rehabilitation training,first of all,the government should play a leading role in perfecting rehabilitation and family-related support for mentally retarded children through providing formal and quasi-formal support for their rehabilitation,in coordinating and promoting the standardization and professional development of rehabilitation service institutions through strengthening supervision and management,vigorously carrying out government purchase of service;Second,rehabilitation service institutions should strengthen their professional development and form featured services to provide professional support for the rehabilitation training of mentally retarded children,should pay attention to family rehabilitation needs and service feedback and improve service satisfaction.Finally,caregivers of mentally retarded children should face the problems of mentally retarded children and the role of rehabilitation training directly,form an effective communication and cooperation relationship withrehabilitation service agencies,actively seek relevant support and assistance,and provide basic financial and psychological support for rehabilitation training of mentally retarded children from the family level.