| Objective:To understand the demographic characteristics and disease sequence of single malformation in fetuses less than 28 weeks gestation,and to explore the influencing factors of fetal malformation as well as the relationship between the type of malformation and the region,so as to provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of birth defects.Methods:From 2016 to 2018,284 cases(malformation group)of single fetal malformation found in prenatal examination before 28 weeks of pregnancy and hospitalized for induction of labor were selected as the study objects,In addition,156 cases(non-malformed group)of labor induction due to unmarried or accidental pregnancy were collected as the control group.The inpatient number was used to retrieve the inpatient cases through the electronic case system,and information on the demographic characteristics of the two groups(including the age at which the mother gave birth,the permanent residence of the family,etc.),types of malformation,pregnancy conditions(including whether there was vaginal bleeding during pregnancy,whether there was cold,whether there was fever,etc.)were collected.Then excel2019 was used to establish the database.Spss21.0 statistical software was used for data description and analysis.Mean number and standard deviation were used for statistical description of measurement data,while frequency and composition ratio were used for counting data.Chi-square test was used for single factor analysis.The factors with statistically significant differences in univariate analysis were included in multivariate logistic regression,and stepwise regression was used to investigate the influencing factors of fetal malformation.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Correspondence analysis was used to explore the relationship between the type of deformity and the location.Eight families living in Taiyuan,Lvliang and Xinzhou were taken as row variables,and six malformation types such as congenital heart disease,cleft lip or no cleft palate were taken as column variables.Spss21.0 was used to establish a database for corresponding analysis.Results:1.The three most common congenital malformations were congenital heart malformation(24.7%),nervous system malformation,cleft lip with or without cleft palate(23.2%),and chromosome abnormality(14.8%).2.Unifactorial analysis showed that the differences between the two groups were statistically significant in maternal age(?~2=33.611,P<0.001),family residence(?~2=19.611,P<0.001),gestational age(?~2=126.539,P<0.001),fetal gender(?~2=33.339,P<0.001),presence or absence of vaginal bleeding(?~2=4.622,P<0.05),microbial infection(?~2=4.238,P<0.05),and history of adverse pregnancy outcomes(?~2=22.919,P<0.001).There was no significant difference between the occurrence of fetal malformation and cold,fever,medication,and the presence or absence of complications during pregnancy.3.The multivariate analysis found that the age of the mother between 26 and 29years old(OR=0.669,95%CI:0.337~1.329),30~34 years old(OR=2.863,95%CI:1.398~5.863)and?35 years old(OR=1.563,95%CI:0.770~3.173)were the risk factors of fetal malformations.The risk factors of fetal malformation were in rural areas(OR=0.401,95%CI:0.245~0.654),microbial infection(OR=1.997,95%CI:1.220~3.271)and history of adverse pregnancy outcome(OR=6.027,95%CI:2.475~14.678).4.Correspondence analysis results showed that there was a correlation between the permanent residence of row variables and the deformity type of column variables(?~2=52.590,P<0.05,df=35).The first dimension explained 44.1%of the total information,and the second dimension explained 35.2%of the total information.The first two dimensions explain a total of 79.3%of the total information and carry most of the information,so they can be analyzed using two-dimensional space.As can be seen from the corresponding analysis diagram,the permanent residence in Taiyuan is closely associated with congenital heart malformation,cleft lip with or without cleft palate,and chromosome malformation;the permanent residence in Xinzhou is closely associated with nervous system malformation;the permanent residence in Lvliang is closely associated with nervous system malformation and cleft lip with or without cleft palate.Conclusion:Congenital heart disease,cleft lip with or without cleft palate,nervous system malformation,and chromosome abnormality are common malformations.The risk factors of fetal malformation were high maternal age,living in rural areas,microbial infection and a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes.There is a certain correlation between family habitations and malformation types. |
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