Association Between Resting Heart Rate And Metabolic Disease

BackgroundIn China,rapid economic development and associated dramatic lifestyle changes have led to a substantial increase in the prevalence of metabolic diseases.Thus,it is significant to identify the risk factors for metabolic diseases and take effective measures for prevention.Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that resting heart rate(RHR)levels are significantly associated with metabolic diseases.The objective of this study is to explore the association between RHR with metabolic diseases and cardiovascular disease risks in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.Study design and methodsUsing cluster sampling,baseline and 4-year follow-up survey of 10375 participants aged 40 years or older in Jiading District of Shanghai was performed.All the participants were recruited to undergo questionnaire interview and anthropometric measurements.Blood and urine samples were collected to measure plasma glucose,lipid profiles,liver and renal function,as well as biochemical measurements.Participants were divided into five groups according to the RHR quintiles.Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between RHR and risk of abnormal glucose,metabolic syndrome(MetS),and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases(ASCVD).ResultsBaseline survey indicated that RHR was significantly associated with prevalent impaired glucose regulation(IGR)and diabetes among total population(n=10 342).Compared with the lowest quintile,the adjusted Odds ratio(OR)[95% confidence interval(CI)] in the highest quintile was 1.34(1.15-1.57)and 3.04(2.53-2.31),respectively.Follow-up survey indicated that RHR was significantly associated with risk of incident diabetes among individuals with normal glucose regulation at baseline(n=6 084),the adjusted OR in the highest quintile was 1.71(95% CI: 1.07-2.73),compared with the lowest quintile.The association of RHR with prevalent MetS risk among total population(9 486)and the association of RHR with incident MetS risk in individuals without MetS at baseline(n=4 618)were also observed.Compared with the lowest quintile,the adjusted OR in the highest quintile was 1.42(95% CI: 1.20-1.69)and 1.79(95% CI: 1.38-2.32),respectively.Additional,RHR was significantly associated with 10-year ASCVD risk both in men(n=3 609)and in women(n=5 877),the adjusted OR was 1.20(95% CI: 1.07-1.33)and 1.28(95% CI: 1.17-1.39),respectively.ConclusionsIn the current analysis,elevated level of RHR was significantly associated with increased risk of diabetes and MetS in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.Moreover,the risk of 10-year ASCVD was significantly increased with the increment of RHR both in men and in women.According to our findings,monitoring of RHR may have utility in identifying individuals at high risk for metabolic diseases.