| Objective:To explore the association among mindfulness,self-compassion,depression and anxiety,and the influential factors of depression and anxiety in college students.Methods:A set of questionnaires was designed to investigate the mental state,mindfulness,self-compassion in college students.The questionnaires included:?Depression Screening Scale(PHQ-9),?Anxiety Screening Scale(GAD-7),?Adolescent Life Events Scale(ALSEC),?simplified version of the Big Five Personality Questionnaire(NEO-FFI),? five-dimensional mindfulness scale(FFMQ),and ? self-compassion scale(SCS).In addition to the above questionnaires,there were demographic information:? name,? gender,?school year,?major,?date of birth(age),?ranking among biological brothers and sisters,Then arrange six different scales and questionnaires in order,including a total of 147 objective choice questions,one subjective question,and the questionnaire totaled 148 questions.Then the questionnaires based on an online survey platform was distributed to batches of undergraduates with different academic grades in a university in Kunming at different time periods.Questionnaire answers that did not meet the requirements,such as with many missing options,obvious logical errors,obvious tendencies in the answers,and short response times,were considered as invalid response.Subsequently,the data in the Excel table was entered into the data processing and analysis by software SPSS..Results:Part I The average level of depression,anxiety,mindfulness,self-compassion,life events of teenagers,and the Big Five personalityThe results showed that the incidence of depression symptoms among the tested students was 39.7%,and the incidence of anxiety symptoms was 18.8%.The incidence of adolescent life events was 93.6%.The five-dimensional mindfulness scale has a total score of 120.36±5.56 points.Observation factor total score was 22.26±5.17 points;description factor total score was 25.00± 4.48 points;acting with awareness factor total score was 29.48±5.10 points;non-judgment factor total score was 24.84±4.46 points;non-action factor total score was 19.57±3.45 points.The total score of self-compassion in college students was 88.01±12.91 points.The common humanity factor score was 13.45±2.72 points;the self-judgment factor score was 16.41±3.15 points;the self-kindness factor score was 17.38±3.36 points;the isolation factor score was 13.62±3.10 points;the mindfulness factor score was 14.17±2.86 points;the over-identified factor total score was 12.98±3.06 points.The total score of adolescent life events was 35.38±8.18 points,;the total score of interpersonal relationship factor was 6.84± 2.25 points;the total score of study pressure factor was 8.61±2.81 points;the total score of punishment factor was 7.97±1.81 points;Relatives and friends property loss factor total score was 3.76 ± 1.46 points;Health adaptation problem factor scored 4.02±1.42 points;other factors scored 4.92±1.40 points.In the big five personality,the total score of neuroticism personality traits was 21.35±7.50 points;the total score of extroversion personality traits was 27.54±6.69 points;the total score of openness personality traits was 32.21±6.23 points;the total score of agreeableness personality traits was 33.77±5.32 Points;the total score of conscientiousness personality traits was 33.06±6.32 points.Part ? Correlation among depression,anxiety,self-sympathy,mindfulness,youth life events,and big five personalityPearson correlation analysis showed that adolescent life events were significantly positively correlated with mindfulness(r=0.086,P=0.032),depression(r=0.546,P<0.001),anxiety(r=0.532,P<0.001),and sympathy with self(r=-0.405,P<0.001)showed a significant negative correlation.Self sympathy was significantly negatively correlated with depression(r=-0.536,P<0.001)and anxiety(r=-0.499,P<0.001).Depression and anxiety showed a positive correlation(r=0.736,P<0.001).The observation was positively correlated with adolescent life events(r=0.150,P<0.001)and anxiety(r=0.104,P=0.009).The description was positively correlated with self sympathy(r=0.528,P<0.001),and was related to adolescent life events(r=-0.205,P<0.001),depression(r=-0.337,P<0.001),anxiety(r=-0.267,P<0.001)showed a negative correlation.Perceived actions were positively correlated with self sympathy(r=0.557,P<0.001),and were related to adolescent life events(r=-0.420,P<0.001),depression(r=-0.496,P<0.001),anxiety(r=-0.421,P<0.001)showed a negative correlation.Non-judgment was positively correlated with self sympathy(r=0.109,P=0.006),and was related to adolescent life events(r=-0.224,P<0.001),depression(r=-0.180,P<0.001),anxiety(r=-0.198,P<0.001)showed a negative correlation.Universal humanity was negatively correlated with depression(r=-0.161,P<0.001)and anxiety(r=-0.170,P<0.001).Self-judgment was negatively correlated with adolescent life events(r=-0.363,P<0.001),depression(r=-0.391,P<0.001),and anxiety(r=-0.385,P<0.001).Self-tolerance was negatively correlated with adolescent life events(r=-0.199,P<0.001),depression(r=0.321,P<0.001),and anxiety(r=-0.289,P<0.001).Isolation was negatively correlated with adolescent life events(r=-0.425,P<0.001),depression(r=-0.512,P<0.001),and anxiety(r=-0.458,P<0.001).Mindfulness factors were negatively correlated with adolescent life events(r=-0.191,P<0.001),depression(r=-0.348,P<0.001),and anxiety(r=-0.313,P<0.001).Over-identification and mindfulness total score(r=-0.081,P=0.042),adolescent life events(r=-0.444,P<0.001)depression(r=-0.521,P<0.001),anxiety(r=-0.484,P<0.001)showing a negative correlation.Although over-identification is negatively correlated with the total score of mindfulness(r=-0.081,P=0.042),its correlation coefficient is too low,and its correlation has no practical significance,so it can be ignored.In the Big Five personality,neurotic traits and adolescent life events(r=0.482,P<0.001),depression(r=0.611,P<0.001),anxiety(r=0.635,P<0.001),sympathy with self(r=-0.678,P<0.001)showed a significant negative correlation.Rigidity traits were significantly negatively correlated with adolescent life events(r=-0.180,P<0.001),depression(r=-0.317,P<0.001),anxiety(r=-0.242,P<0.001),and self-sympathy(r=0.417,P<0.001)showed significant positive correlation.Pleasant traits were significantly negatively correlated with adolescent life events(r=-0.196,P<0.001),depression(r=-0.305,P<0.001),anxiety(r=-0.273,P<0.001),and mindfulness(r=0.233,P<0.001),self sympathy(r=0.362,P<0.001)showed a significant positive correlation.Open traits were significantly negatively correlated with depression(r=-0.162,P<0.001),anxiety(r=-0.146,P<0.001),and were related to mindfulness(r=0.157,P<0.001),self-compassion(r=0.363,P<0.001)showed a significant positive correlation.Extroverted traits were significantly negatively correlated with adolescent life events(r=-0.136,P=0.001),depression(r=-0.284,P<0.001),anxiety(r=-0.217,P<0.001),and thoughtfulness(r=0.205,P<0.001),self sympathy(r=0.442,P<0.001)showed significant positive correlation.Neuroticism is positively correlated with observation(r=0.117,P=0.003),description(r=-0.441,P<0.001),perceptual action(r=-0.576,P<0.001),non-judgment(r=-0.287,P<0.001)showed a negative correlation.Rigorous traits and observation(r=0.169,P<0.001),description(r=0.402,P<0.001),perceptual action(r=0.359,P<0.001),non-response(r=0.227,P<0.001)Present positive correlation.Pleasant traits and observations(r=0.209,P<0.001),description(r=0.266,P<0.001),perceptual actions(r=0.209,P<0.001),non-response(r=0.166,P<0.001)There was a positive correlation,and a negative correlation with no judgment(r=-0.189,P<0.001).Open traits and observation(r=0.401,P<0.001),description(r=0.406,P<0.001),perceptual action(r=0.108,P=0.007),non-response(r=0.386,P<0.001)There was a positive correlation,which was negatively correlated with no judgment(r=-0.248,P<0.001).Extroverted traits and observations(r=0.185,P<0.001),description(r=0.477,P<0.001),perceptual actions(r=0.230,P<0.001),non-response(r=0.232,P<0.001)Present positive correlation.It is negatively correlated with no judgment(r=-0.087,P=0.029).Although extroversion is negatively correlated with non-judgment(r=-0.087,P=0.029),its correlation coefficient is too low,and its correlation has no practical significance,so it can be ignored.Neuroticism and universal humanity(r=-0.179,P<0.001),self-judgment(r=-0.550,P<0.001),self-tolerance(r=-0.345,P<0.001),sense of isolation(r=-0.676,P<0.001),mindfulness(r=-0.408,P<0.001),over-identification(r=-0.690,P<0.001)showed a negative correlation.Rigidity and universal humanity(r=0.235,P<0.001),self-judgment(r=0.125,P<0.001),self-tolerance(r=0.402,P<0.001),sense of isolation(r=0.262,P<0.001),mindfulness(r=0.455,P<0.001)and over-identification(r=0.297,P<0.001)showed a positive correlation.Pleasant traits and universal humanity(r=0.222,P<0.001),self-judgment(r=0.153,P<0.001),self-tolerance(r=0.330,P<0.001),sense of isolation(r=0.266,P<0.001),mindfulness(r=0.354,P<0.001),over-identification(r=0.209,P<0.001)showed a positive correlation.Open traits and universal humanity(r=0.324,P<0.001),self-tolerance(r=0.425,P<0.001),sense of isolation(r=0.158,P<0.001),mindfulness(r=0.452,P<0.001)3.Over-identification shows a positive correlation.Extroverted traits and observations(r=0.185,P<0.001),description(r=0.477,P<0.001),perceptual actions(r=0.230,P<0.001),non-response(r=0.232,P<0.001)Present positive correlation.It is negatively correlated with no judgment(r=-0.087,P=0.029).Although extroversion is negatively correlated with non-judgment(r=-0.087,P=0.029),its correlation coefficient is too low,and its correlation has no practical significance,so it can be ignored.Part ? Predictors of depression and anxiety of college studentsDepression and anxiety are not significantly different in the comparison of different demographic data.Stepwise regression analysis using depression as the dependent variable,neuroticism,adolescent life events,pleasantness,perceptual actions,grade and self-tolerance entered the equation in order(Y=10.720+0.187X1+0.145X2-0.078X3-0.109X4+0.395X5-0.083X6)(t=9.042,P<0.001;t=8.738,P<0.001,t=-3.294,P=0.001,t=-3.811,P<0.001,t=3.250,P=0.001;t=-2.168,P=0.031).Using anxiety as the dependent variable for stepwise regression analysis,neuroticism,adolescent life events,gender and pleasantness entered the equation in order(Y=3.732+0.198X1+0.104X2-0.530X3-0.044X4)(t=14.318,P<0.001,;t=8.504,P<0.001;t=-2.676,P=0.008;t=-2.556,P=0.011).Conclusions:1.Individuals with high levels of mindfulness and self-compassion are less likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety;2.The higher the score of outgoing,open,and pleasant traits,the higher the individual mindfulness of college students;the higher the score of neurotic traits,the lower the self-sympathy level of college students,the higher the scores of extraverted,open,pleasant,and rigorous traits,the higher the individual self-sympathy level of college students;3.In this survey,adolescent life events,neuroticism,pleasantness,perceptual actions and self-tolerance are the significant influencing factors of depression for college students;adolescent life events,neuroticism and pleasantness are the significant influencing factors of anxiety for college students. |
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