Analysis Of Composition And Risk Factors Of Bladder Calculi At Present Stage

Objective: To explore the components of bladder stones and analyze the high risk factors related to the occurrence of bladder stones at present stage,so as to provide reference for the prevention,treatment and recurrence of bladder stones.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 90 patients with bladder calculi admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China from September 2017 to July 2018 was made.According to the principle of sample size calculation,87 patients were selected as the study group of bladder calculi disease,and 87 patients without urinary calculi admitted to urology department in the same period were randomly selected as the control grou All the subjects met the corresponding inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria All the basic data and relevant information of the subjects were collected by specially trained professional technicians.The names,ages,genders,height,weight,residence,occupation,drinking water,daily salt intake,urinary tract infection,hypertension,activity and disease history of the subjects were analyzed And family disease history and other information,as well as fasting blood samples and 24-hour urine samples in the morning of patients,to analyze the serum triglyceride,total cholesterol,uric acid,blood calcium concentration and urine calcium,potassium,sodium,chlorine,magnesium and phosphorus concentration;the collected stone samples were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy,and the serum and urine metabolism indexes,age and weight index of the research objects were further analyzed Single factor / multiple factor Logistic regression analysis was carried out to explore the risk factors and protective factors of bladder stones.Results: 90 patients with bladder stones were included,87 males and 3 females.The incidence rate of male patients was higher than that of females.(1)In the further study of 87 cases of bladder calculi,the main components of bladder calculi are calcium oxalate monohydrate,apatite carbonate and anhydrous uric acid,accounting for 13.79%,8.05% and 2.30% respectively,while there are 10 kinds of mixed component calculi,which are calcium oxalate monohydrate + calcium oxalate dihydrate,apatite carbonate + calcium oxalate monohydrate,apatite carbonate + calcium oxalate dihydrate,anhydrous uric acid + calcium oxalate monohydrate,ammonium urate + calcium oxalate monohydrate,anhydrous uric acid + dicalcium phosphate dihydrate,ammonium urate + anhydrous uric acid,carbonate apatite + magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate,carbonate apatite + calcium oxalate monohydrate + calcium oxalate dihydrate,carbonate phosphorite + magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate + calcium oxalate monohydrate,accounting for 14.94%,10.34%,3.45% and 5%,respectively 75%?3.45%?2.30%?3.45%?4.60%?21.84%?5.75%?(2)According to the analysis,bladder stones can be divided into four types,including calcium oxalate(79.31%),calcium carbonate(54.02%),uric acid(17.24%)and magnesium ammonium phosphate(10.34%).After statistical analysis,the incidence of calcium oxalate,calcium carbonate and uric acid in four types of bladder stones under 60 years old was slightly lower than that above 60 years old,with no significant difference(P > 0.05);the incidence of ammonium magnesium phosphate under 60 years old was significantly lower than that above 60 years old,with significant difference(P < 0.05).(3)The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in urinary calcium,sodium,magnesium,age,BMI,residence,occupation,education level,daily salt intake,family history of urolithiasis,urinary tract infection,hypertension,water consumption and activity between the study group and the control group(P < 0.05).(4)In the 95% confidence interval,or value was more than 1,which indicated that high urinary calcium,high urinary sodium,high urinary magnesium,age ? 60 years old,BMI ? 27 kg / m2,family history of urinary calculi,daily salt intake ? 6g,accompanied with lower urinary tract diseases Metabolic diseases,urinary tract infection and hypertension were independent risk factors(P < 0.05);or value < 1,indicating that more drinking water and more activity were protective factors for bladder stones(P < 0.05).Conclusion: The main components of bladder stones are calcium oxalate at present stage.The risk factors of bladder stones mainly include high urinary calcium,high urinary sodium,high urinary magnesium,age ? 60 years old,obesity,family history of urinary stones,daily salt intake ? 6g,with lower urinary tract diseases,metabolic diseases,urinary tract infection and hypertension.However,the amount of drinking water and activity is mostly bladder stones protection factors.