Intestinal Microecological Changes In Patients With Primary Liver Cancer And Before And After TACE

Objective:Comparative analysis of the diversity of intestinal flora and the difference in colony structure before and after TACE treatment in patients with primary liver cancer and liver cancer.The relationship between intestinal flora and liver cancer was preliminarily discussed,which provided a theoretical basis for the micro-ecological therapeutic target of liver cancer.Methods:In this paper,the fecal specimens of patients with primary liver cancer and healthy people were collected,and the liver cancer patients and healthy people were compared with each other.The liver cancer was treated before TACE and after TACE treatment.The total DNA was isolated and extracted from all specimens,and the specimen 16S rDNA V4 variable region was subjected to high-throughput?HiSeq PE250?sequencing using Illumina technology.The sequences were clustered into OTUs with 97%consistency,and species annotations were performed on the representative sequences of OTUs.Then,the relative abundance of species,the comparison of species diversity,the comparison of bacterial structure differences,and the analysis of significant species differences were carried out on the grouped bacterial population,and the bacterial characteristics were analyzed and the differences were compared with the clinical data.To study the diversity of intestinal flora and the composition of bacterial flora before and after TACE treatment in patients with liver cancer and healthy people.Results:1.The relative abundance of the intestinal flora of the liver cancer group,the TACE treatment group and the healthy group was different at different species classification levels.At the level of the door,the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower in the liver cancer group than in the healthy group,and the relative abundance of the thick-walled bacteria was lower in the liver cancer group and the TACE treatment group than in the healthy group;the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria and the Fusarium gate was Both the liver cancer group and the TACE treatment group were higher than the healthy group.At the department level,the relative abundances of the genus Pneumocysae,Helicobacter,and rumen were lower in the liver cancer group and the TACE treatment group than in the healthy group,while the relative abundances of the Bacteroides,Enterobacteriaceae,and Fusobacteriaceae were all relatively high.Higher than the normal group.At the genus level,the relative abundance of the genus Plasmodium₉ and the genus Macromonas was lower in the liver cancer group and the TACE treatment group than in the healthy group,while the genus Bacteroides,the genus Vibrio,the Escherichia coli,and the bacterium The relative abundance of genus and Clostridium is higher than that of healthy group.2.Comparison of species diversity between groups.The Alpha diversity index?264±47 VS 230±64?and ACE?282.56±50.88 VS 253.2±75.01?were higher in the healthy group than in the liver cancer group.The species richness in the healthy group was higher than that in the liver cancer group,and the difference was statistically significant?P<0.05?;Shannon index,the healthy group was larger than the liver cancer group?4.56±0.70 VS 4.37±0.77?,and the Simpson index healthy group was smaller than the liver cancer group?0.87±0.09 VS 0.89±0.08?.The species diversity of the healthy group was higher than that of the liver cancer group.The Alpha diversity index of liver cancer before and after TACE treatment was similar.The species richness and uniformity of intestinal flora were similar in the two groups.The structure of the flora did not change significantly after TACE treatment.3.Analysis of structure and inter-group structure within the group.NMDS analysis showed that the sample points in the healthy group were close to each other,and they could be clustered together.The structure of the group was similar.The distribution of sample points in the liver cancer group was scattered,and the structure of the group was different.The healthy group and the liver cancer group were sampled.The points are roughly distributed in a specific area,and there is a difference in the structure between the groups.Before TACE treatment?hepatocarcinoma group?and after treatment,the distance between the sample points and the points in each group was far,and the structural differences in the group were larger.The distribution range of the two groups of samples was almost the same.The structure is similar.Anosim analysis showed that the ranks between the liver cancer group and the healthy group were higher than those in the group,R>0.The structural difference between the healthy group and the liver cancer group was greater than the difference within the group,and the difference was statistically significant?P<0.05?.The ranks of the groups before and after TACE treatment were lower than those before TACE treatment,R<0,and the structural differences between the groups before and after TACE treatment were larger than the structural differences between the groups.4.Significant analysis of species differences between the healthy and liver cancer groups.Significant species in the healthy group are:thick-walled bacteria,Clostridium,Clostridium,Rumenaceae,Subdoligranulum,Plebeis Plebe.The most significant species in the liver cancer group are:Proteobacteria,y-Proteobacteria,Enterobacteriaceae,Enterobacteriaceae,Escherichia,Escherichia coli;Fusobacterium,Fusobacterium,Fusobacterium,and Bacillus,Fusobacterium;Bacillus sp.,Lactobacillus,Streptococcus,Streptococcus,Vesococcus,and Bacteroides fragilis belonging to the genus Bacteroides.5.Analysis of changes in abundance of intestinal bacteria and clinical characteristics.Opportunistic pathogen?Bacteroides,Veillonella,Escherichia,Fusobacterium,Clostridium?and potential probiotics?Prevotellaceae,L achnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae?in the patients of liver cancer has a correlation between CTP scores,TBil,ALB,ALT and AST.The relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens in patients with liver cancer increased with the increase of Child-Pugh classification of liver function,and the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens in Child-Pugh class C was similar to Child-Pugh class B and Child-,respectively.Compared with the Pugh A grade,the difference between the groups was statistically significant?P<0.05?.The relative abundance of potential probiotics decreased with the increase of Child-Pugh classification of liver function,and the relative abundance was statistically significant between Child-Pugh C and Child-Pugh A?P<0.05?.Conclusion:1.The relative abundance of the composition of the intestinal flora of patients with primary liver cancer and healthy people is different at different species classification levels.The structure of intestinal flora in patients with liver cancer is dysregulated,which is characterized by a decrease in probiotic bacteria,and an increase in opportunistic pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Fusobacterium.2.The intestinal flora richness and diversity of patients with primary liver cancer were lower than those of healthy person,and the structure of the flora was significantly different.3.The intestinal flora richness and diversity of patients with primary liver cancer before and after TACE treatment were similar,the flora structure was similar,and TACE treatment had less effect on intestinal flora.4.Intestinal potential probiotics producing SCFAs provide a reference for the development of probiotic preparations for patients with primary liver cancer.5.Intestinal flora imbalance is associated with liver cancer.With the increase of liver function Child-Pugh grade,the degree of flora imbalance is more obvious.For patients with higher liver damage,it is necessary to adjust the intestinal flora.