| Objective: To understand the clinical characteristics of adult bronchial asthma(referred to as "asthma")in a third-grade hospital in Zunyi and the factors affecting the asthma epidemic,and provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma in Zunyi.Methods: 618 cases of adult asthma patients in the hospital affiliated to Zunyi Medical University from March 2018 to January 2019 were collected,Gender,age,body mass index(BMI),educational level,living environment,main symptoms,high incidence time,inducing factors,onset age,complications,allergy history,family history,smoking history,occupational contact history,outpatient and emergency treatment and hospitalization times within one year,frequency of systemic hormone use within one year,asthma control test(ACT score),asthma control situation,and smoking history,the typical asthma and special asthma phenotypewere analyzed.Data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0.Results: Among the 618 adult asthma patients,the age ranged from 19 to 91(47.13±14.17)years,including 220 male patients(35.60%)and 398 female patients(64.40%).The male to female ratio was 0.55:1,and the female patients were significantly more than males.The onset age of 30 to 44 years old accounted for 29.29%,0 to 14 years old,15 to 29 years old,45 to 59 years old and 60 years old or older accounted for 21.52%,21.36%,19.09% and 8.74%;asthma symptoms were wheezing and There were 468 cases(75.73%)and 457 cases(73.95%)of cough,370 cases(59.87%)and 327 cases(52.91%)of chest tightness;85.3% of patients were typical asthma,cough variant asthma 45 Case(7.3%),asthma-slow-resistance lung overlap in 27 cases(4.4%),chest tightness variant asthma in 0 cases(0.0%)and severe asthma in 4 cases(0.6%);asthma complications were more common in rhinitis,accounting for 28.16% There were 229 patients with a history of smoking,accounting for 37.06%;asthma-inducing factors accounted for 69.74%,28.96%,22.65%,and 21.52% of respiratory tract infections,irritating gases,exercise,and cold air,respectively.12.78% of patients had no clear predisposing factors.Only 13(2.10%)patients achieved complete control of asthma,and 389 patients were uncontrolled and partially controlled(62.90%)and 216 cases(35.00%).The educational level shows that there are 311(50.32%),211(34.14%),and 96(15.53%)patients in primary school and below,junior high school,university and above.The living environment shows that they live in urban,suburban and rural areas.The patients were 227(36.73%),281(35.28%)and 110(17.80%),respectively.According to BMI difference analysis,39 cases(6.31%),325 cases(52.59%),162 cases(26.21%)were overweight and 92 cases(14.89%)were obese.There were significant differences in clinical symptoms,inducing factors,ACT score,asthma control level,medical treatment visits and systemic hormone use in one year among different BMI asthma patients(P < 0.01).Conclusion:(1)More women than men suffer from adult asthma in Zunyi area,the age of onset is concentrated in 30-44 years old,education level and living environment may affect the level of asthma prevalence and control;(2)typical asthma is the most common phenotype of asthma,with wheezing and cough as the main symptoms,rhinitis as the most common complication,and respiratory tract infection as the main inducement of asthma attack;(3)The asthma control level is not good,only 2.10% of the patients achieve asthma control,which is lower than the national asthma control level;(4)Obesity is one of the important risk factors for asthma.With the increase of BMI,obese asthma patients show more severe asthma symptoms and worse control level. |
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