Research On Evaluation And Countermeasures Of Intervention For Hearing Loss-Related Behaviors Among Medical College Students

ObjectiveBased on the results of baseline investigation and Health Belief Model(HBM),the management path of hearing loss-related bad behaviors was constructed,and the intervention research on hearing loss-related bad behaviors among medical students in a university was carried out according to PDCA cycle method.To analyze the effects of intervention measures on hearing related knowledge,hearing health beliefs and hearing loss-related bad behaviors among medical college students.To put forward some countermeasures to effectively prevent and control the formation and development of hearing loss-related bad behaviors among medical college students,and to provide new ideas for the development of primary health care in universities.Methods1.Intervention methods: This intervention research,according to PDCA cycle method,was conducted from November 2017 to September 2018.Based on the results of baseline investigation and HBM,the management path of hearing loss-related bad behaviors was constructed.The intervention group had accepted on-line and off-line activities,such as pushing information from WeChat public platform named "Yi Er EAR",distributing ear protection knowledge leaflets,coaching ear exercises,holding competition called "Safely Use Ears and Protect Hearing",discussing on WeChat group,organizing essay competition,giving reminders from teachers and class committees,providing suggestions of hearing loss-related behaviors by one-to-one,and recording cards of hearing loss-related behaviors.The control group did not implement any intervention measures.Three questionnaires were conducted before investigation,after 3-month investigation and 3-month after stopping intervention among two group,respectively.The questionnaire included four parts: basic information,hearing related knowledge,hearing health beliefs and hearing loss-related bad behaviors.2.Mathematical statistics: Epidata 3.1 and SPSS21.0 were used for data input and analysis.The intervention effect of hearing related knowledge,hearing health beliefs and hearing loss-related bad behaviors among medical college students was analyzedthrough paired chi-square test,paired sample Wilcoxon sign rank test,chi-square test,two independent samples Wilcoxon rank sum test,paired t test,two independent samples t test,t'test and multiple linear regression analysis.Results1.A total of 830 medical college students participated in the three surveys,419 in the intervention group,and 411 in the control group.2.In terms of the intervention effect of hearing-related knowledge among medical college students,there were better effects on knowledge points of meningitis,measles and mumps,smoking,sleep deficit,high stress,low intake of fruits and vegetables from the influencing factors of hearing loss(HL),noise endangering the visual system of human body,vertigo and inattention at the initial stage of HL,and quitting smoking,maintaining a pleasant mind and moderate alcohol consumption from prevention methods of HL.In addition,there were the five knowledge points including smoking,sleep deficit,low intake of fruit and vegetable,inattention and moderate alcohol consumption,those had better persistence of intervention.3.In terms of the intervention effect of hearing health beliefs among medical college students,there were better effects on the susceptibility to HL,the severity of HL,the barriers to change hearing loss-related bad behaviors,and the self-efficacy.4.In terms of the intervention effect of hearing loss-related bad behaviors among medical college students,the independent variable from the model of change value about daily frequency of using earphones was grouping(?=0.341,P<0.001).The independent variables from the model of change value about the average duration of using earphones were the cognition of the initial performance of HL before intervention(?=0.041,P=0.013),the self-efficacy score before intervention(?=0.013,P=0.035),and grouping(?=0.117,P=0.048).The independent variables from the model of change value about the maximum volume for earphones was grouping(?=0.145,P=0.001).The independent variables from the model of change value about daily duration of playing games with using earphones were grouping(?=0.102,P=0.023),and the cognition of the initial performance of HL before intervention(?=0.030,P=0.025).The independent variable from the model ofchange value about way of making phone call was grouping(?=0.146,P=0.043).The independent variable from the model of change value about probability to increase earphone volume in a noisy environment was barrier score before intervention(?=0.015,P=0.023).The independent variables from the model of change value about frequency of sleeping with earphones while listening to music or broadcast were grouping(?=0.225,P<0.001).The independent variable from the model of change value about duration of sleeping was self-efficacy score before intervention(?= 0.008,P=0.002).The independent variable from the model of change value about the daily average intake of fruits and vegetables were grouping(?=0.126,P=0.001).5.There were 342 medical college students(81.6%)expressed their very or relatively satisfaction with the whole process of hearing health intervention.There were 337 medical college students(80.4%)expressed their very or relatively benefit in hearing health intervention.6.It was feasible to construct the management path of hearing loss-related bad behaviors based on HBM,and carried out according to PDCA cycle method.ConclusionThe intervention program based on HBM can improve the awareness rate of hearing-related knowledge,improve the score of hearing-related health belief,and reduce the rate of hearing loss-related bad behaviors among medical college students.Construct the management path of hearing loss-related bad behaviors based on HBM,and carried out according to PDCA cycle method,which can provide new ideas for the development of primary health care in universities.Suggest that the intervention program should be further improved,special organizations should be entrusted to undertake hearing intervention activities and form routine activities.The role of hearing health education of medical staff in school clinics should be brought into full play,and social support from family should be provided to help students change hearing loss-related bad behaviors.