| [Object]This paper analyzed the anemia status and related factors of children aged 0-1 in Yixing from 2016 to 2017,aiming to provide a scientific reference for scientific strategies for the prevention of anemia among 0-1 year old children in Yixing.[Methods]The subjects were children aged 0-1 living in the jurisdiction of the Yicheng Preventive Health Care Center.In 2016,the number of children surveyed was 3,522,and in 2017,the number was 3,000.The children participated in health check-ups and were conducted free blood tests as required by the country,after which anemia diagnoses were performed according to the diagnostic criteria for anemia recommended by the World Health Organization and UNICEF.The birth status,growth and development,infant feeding,illness,health of infants' mothers,primary caregivers and family backgrounds were collected through questionnaires,and fingertip blood,physical measurement were completed for identifying the relevant information.Quality control and statistical data-entry were conducted during the research,and data analysis was performed by using SPSS17.0 software.[Results](1)Prevalence of anaemia among 0-1 year old children in Yixing from 2016 to 2017In this study,6522 children were involved,250 children among which were found with anemia,and the prevalence rate of anemia was 3.83%.Among these children,there were 164 boys with a prevalence rate of 3.6% and 86 girls with a prevalence rate of 4.3%.The prevalence of anemia in children of different genders was analyzed by chi-square test,and the difference was not statistically significant.According to the age of these children,they can be divided into four groups of 1-2 months old,3-5 months old,6-8 months old,and 9-12 months old.The difference had significance in statistics when the anemia rates of the four groups of children were analyzed by chi-square test and the 6-8 months old group had the highest rate of anemia.The residential areas of the subjects could be divided into two groups: urban and rural areas.When the anemia rates of the two groups were analyzed by chi-square test,it showed that the difference was not statistically significant.(2)Univariate analysis of anemia in infants1.The influences of the infants' birth weights,growths and developmentsChildren surveyed in the 2016-2017 were divided into low birth weight,normal weight and macrosomia according to their birth weight,and the prevalence of anemia was not statistically significant in children of different birth weights analyzed by chi-square test.According to their gestational weeks of birth,the children were divided into two groups of premature and non-preterm.Chi-square test showed that premature infants are more prevalent than non-premature infants,and the difference was statistically significant.For the infants surveyed in Yixing,malnourished children were divided into groups of low weight,growth retardation and emaciation.And chi-square test showed that the prevalence of malnourished infants was higher than that of non-malnourished infants,a difference with statistical significance.2.The influences of the infants' feeding patterns,supplementary feeding times and illnessesThe feeding methods of the infants during the first 6 months of their life were divided into three types: exclusive breastfeeding,mixed feeding and artificial feeding.Analyzed by chi-square test,the prevalence of anemia was statistically significant among children with different feeding methods.According to the time of supplementation,the infants were divided into three groups: the 2-5 months old,the 6-8 months old,and older than 8 months.And chi-square test showed that the prevalence of anemia was not statistically significant in children with different times of supplementary feeding.According to the analysis of chi-square test,the prevalence of anemia in children with cold,fever,pneumonia and diarrhea was higher than that without cold,pneumonia and diarrhea,and the difference was found not statistically significant.3.The influences of the infants' mothers,primary caregivers and family backgroundsAccording to the mothers' education,the mothers were divided into the illiterate primary school group,the junior high school group and the group of high school and above.The analysis by chi-square test showed that the prevalence of anemia was not statistically significant among children whose mothers had different educational backgrounds.On the basis of the mothers' occupations,they were divided into non-agricultural workers and farmers.And the chi-square test analysis showed that the prevalence of anemia was not statistically significant in children whose mothers engaged in different occupations.It was analyzed by chi-square test whether the mothers had anemia,and the anemia prevalence of infants whose mothers had anemia was higher than that whose mothers had no anemia,the difference of which had statistical significance.In the survey of anemia in children aged 0-1 in Yixing,the main caregivers of these children were divided into mothers,fathers and others.After chi-square test analyzing,the prevalence of anemia was statistically significant according to their different primary caregivers.When the caregivers were analyzed on their occupations,they were divided into groups of non-agricultural engaged personnel and farmers.The analysis of chi-square test showed that the prevalence of anemia is statistically significant among children reared by caregivers with different occupations.Based on monthly incomes,the children's families were divided into groups of <2000 yuan,2000-5000 yuan,5000-10000 yuan,and >10000 yuan,and the analysis of chi-square test showed that the prevalence of anemia is statistically significant among children from families with different monthly incomes.According to the feeding knowledge survey scores,these families were divided into groups of <6 points,6-8 points,and >8 points.When analyzed with chi-square test,the prevalence of anemia was statistically significant among children whose families got different feeding knowledge survey scores.(3)Multi-factor analysis of anemia in infantsThe multiple logistic regression analysis showed: the age at which infant anemia occurs,the feeding method,low body weight,major caregiver's occupation,and family monthly income are the main related factors of infant anemia.Among them,the older age,low birth weight,exclusive breastfeeding,and caregiver being farmers,and the families having a low monthly income are the risk factors,while the mixed feeding or artificial feeding,the caregiver's profession being non-agricultural,and the family having a high monthly income belong to the protective factors.[Conclusions]In 2016-2017,the prevalence of anemia in children aged 0-1 in Yixing was 3.83% with no gender difference,and the group of 6-8 month old infants had the highest anemia rate.Whether the baby was born prematurely,different feeding method,birth weight,height,the anemia of the mother during pregnancy,the main caregiver,the caregiver's occupation,the family monthly income,and the feeding knowledge were the related factors of infant anemia.Low birth weight,exclusive breastfeeding,the caregiver's occupation being farmers,low monthly household income are risk factors,while mixed feeding or artificial feeding,the caregiver being non-agricultural employee,and high family monthly income are protective factors.It is necessary to improve the prevention and treatment of anemia in children aged 0-1 years,strengthen health education and child feeding guidance for parents,and enhance the infantile anemia treatment.There are needs for promoting health knowledge publicity,increasing grassroots health service construction,and improving primary health care service capacity and management quality.For the 0-1-year-old children in Yixing,it is necessary to carry out timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent anemia diseases,and importance should be attached to the analysis of the influencing factors of pediatric anemia and targeted development strategies.The measures mentioned above will provide valuable reference recommendations for the anemia prevention in infants and strengthening health care.According to the survey results,the suggested measures for the anemia prevention for children in Yixing include:(1)the government should attach importance to strengthening public health management;(2)mothers should pay attention to health care during pregnancy to reduce the incidence of infantile anemia;(3)infants' diets and nutrition should be improved to prevent malnutrition and reduce the incidence of anemia;(4)preventive measures and treatments of anemia in children should be promoted,and the popular science popularization should be payed attention to. |
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