Changes Of Serum Adiponectin And C-reactive Protein Levels,and Carotid Artery In Chronic Periodontitis Rats Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Periodontal Intervention

Objective: The changes of serum adiponectin(APN)and C-reactive Protein(CRP)expression in chronic periodontitis(CP)rats with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus rats after periodontal treatment were examined to investigate the changes of carotid artery in rats after periodontal treatment.Methods: Thirty-five Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups,viz.,group A(Normal control group,n = 7),group B(T2DM,n = 7)and group C(T2DM+CP,n = 21).Group C were further divided into groups C0(Natural process group),group C1(Periodontal treatment)and group C2(Periodontal treatment+ drugs).Intraocular iliac vein blood collection was performed one week before the intervention(T1),one week after the first intervention(T2),and one,three,and five weeks after the second intervention(T3,T4,T5).Serum APN and CRP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).All rats were sacrificed 5 weeks after the end of the intervention and bilateral carotid arteries were collected.The pathological changes of carotid bifurcation were observed under light microscope after HE staining.Results:1.Serological results A(normal control)APN and CRP concentrations remained at a relatively stable level over time.At all time points,B(diabetes group)APN concentration decreased compared with group A.The concentration of APN in C0(natural process group)gradually decreased with time.At the last detection time point,the APN concentration decreased significantly compared with group A,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The concentration of APN in the C0 group was the lowest compared to the B group.The concentration of APN in the C1(basic treatment group)dropped to the lowest value(28.628±4.504 ng/ml)one week after the second intervention,and then gradually increased.The concentration of APN in the C2(basic treatment + drugs)group was reduced to a minimum(32.071 ± 8.243 ng/ml)one week after the second intervention,followed by a small increase.The CRP concentration in group A(normal control group)remained relatively stable over time,and there was no significant difference at each time point..The CRP concentration in the B group was higher than the normal control group at all time points.The CRP concentration in the C0 group gradually increased with time.At the last detection time point,the CRP concentration(1141.06±270.507 ng/ml)reached nearly three times the CRP concentration of the group A(381.622±63.395 ng/ml).The CRP concentration in the C1 group reached the peak(905.803±61.240 ng/ml)one week after the first intervention,and then gradually decreased.At the last detection time,the CRP concentration was not significantly different from the normal control group(p>0.05).The CRP concentration in the C2 group reached a peak(1011.465±77.292 ng/ml)one week after the first intervention,and then gradually decreased.At the last detection time point,the CRP concentration was close to the normal group CRP concentration(P>0.05).2.Pathological outcome In group A(normal control group),the intima of the blood vessels was intact,the endothelial cells were flat,the smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers were arranged neatly,and the wall was not thickened.Group B(diabetes group)vascular wall thickness is different,endothelialcells are shed,and vacuolar degeneration of mesangial smooth muscle cells.In the C0 group(natural process group),the endothelial cell disappeared,the middle membrane elastic fiber arrangement was disordered,the local necrosis of smooth muscle tissue was amorphous particles,a small amount of calcium salt was deposited,and the wall thickening was obvious;In the C1(basic treatment group),C2(basic treatment + drugs)group,the endothelial cell detachment disappeared,the middle membrane part of the smooth muscle cell vacuolar degeneration,and the blood vessel wall did not significantly thicken.Conclusion: 1.CRP and APN may be involved in the development of diabetic and periodontitis in rats.The severity of vascular lesions may be related to the increase of CRP concentration and the decrease of APN concentration in rats.2.In the chronic periodontitis rats with type 2 diabetes,the body's serum CRP concentration will increase and the serum APN concentration will decrease in the short term after periodontal treatment.In the long-term efficacy,periodontal treatment may improve the degree of vascular disease.This may be closely related to the decrease in CRP concentration and the increase in APN concentration in rat body.The use of adjuvant local and systemic antibiotics may optimize treatment effects.