A Study On Gender Differences In Nurses' Occupational Cognition

ObjectiveTo understand the occupational cognition of nursing students and nurses,to explore the difference between male and female nurses' occupation cognition,and to provide realistic basis for the formulation of relevant strategies for nursing educators and managers.Methods1.Survey of occupational cognition of male and female nursing studentsIn the quantitative study,810 questionnaires were distributed to 810 nursing students in a medical college in Bengbu city,including undergraduate nursing students in grade 1-4 and nursing postgraduates in grade 1-3.Conditional sampling was used for boys and convenient sampling for girls.Questionnaire includes general information questionnaire,professional attitudes influencing factors questionnaire,professional attitudes assessment scale,data entry using Excel software,data analysis and processing using SPSS22.0.The statistical methods used include descriptive statistical analysis,Chi-Square Test,Logistic regression analysis,T-test of two independent samples and One-way ANOVA.2.Qualitative Interview on occupational cognition of Male and Female NursesIn the qualitative research,from August to December 2018,six hospitals were randomly selected according to the level of hospitals in Bengbu city by objective sampling method.The sample size of interviews was determined according to the principle of “information saturation”.In each hospital,women were conveniently sampled and finally 6 were obtained.Men were sampled from snowballs and 9 were eventually selected.The interview data were coded by the generic analysis method,and the data reflecting the same subject and phenomenon were classified into one group.Results1.Survey results of occupational cognition of male and female nursing students(1)810 questionnaires were sent out,760 valid questionnaires were recovered,the effective rate was 93.8%.There were 155 male nursing students and 605 femalenursing students,accounting for 20.39% and 79.61% of the total number,respectively.(2)The score of nursing students' professional attitude scale was 4.34 ±0.65,of which the score of male nursing students was 4.29±0.71 and that of female nursing students was 4.36±0.63,which were negative.(3)In the questionnaire of influencing factors of nursing students' professional attitude,the lower scores were too busy nursing work(1.91±0.72),too low income of nurses(2.57±0.82)and too low status of nurses(2.64±0.96).(4)Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing nursing career choice after graduation were family residence,professional choice motivation,occupational interest and teachers' attitude(P < 0.05).There was no difference between male and female nursing students in their career choices after graduation.(5)The professional attitude of male and female nursing students was negative and there was no gender difference(P > 0.05).(6)The professional attitude of female nursing students in grade one and grade two was more positive than that of female nursing students in grade three(P < 0.05),but there was no difference among male nursing students in different grades(P > 0.05).(7)Female nursing students have lower occupational interest than male nursing students(P < 0.05).(8)In terms of “male students are not suitable for nurses” and “male nurses have a bright future”,female nurses have more positive attitudes than male nurses(P < 0.05).2.The results of interviews on occupational cognition of male and female nurses(1)Women think that nurses are a stable occupation and need to dedicate themselves and sacrifice themselves.(2)Men think that nurses' occupation is too basal,development is limited and can not realize personal value.(3)Regret choosing a nurse occupation.(4)Male nurses want to improve themselves more than female nurses.(5)Male nurses tend to develop to higher positions than female nurses.(6)Men have an advantage in nursing.(7)Careers are labeled as gender.(8)Different opinions on the social phenomenon of “fewer boys and more girls”in nursing occupation.Conclusion1.The general occupational cognition level of nurses is low.Male nurses and female nurses have different in occupational cognition.2.Family residence,self-willingness and interest,and teacher's attitude affect the career choice of nursing students after graduation.3.The professional attitude of female nursing students in senior grade is more negative than that of lower grade,but there is no difference among male nursing students in different grades.4.Male nurses have gender advantages and have better opportunities for development.5.Positive enterprising of male nurses: rebuilding masculinity;6.Social traditional culture has certain influence on the choice of male and female occupations.