| Chapter 1Obesity parameters are associated with osteoporosis in a large elderly Chinese populationOsteoporosis and obesity are major public health problems in the world.Osteoporosis caused by a variety of reasons is a group of bone diseases.And it is a metabolic systemic bone disease characterized by the reduction of bone mass per unit volume and the degradation of the surrounding structure of the bone,which is always ignored because of the inconspicuous clinical symptoms.It increases the fragility of the bone and is prone to osteoporotic fracture,resulting in serious complications.Osteoporotic fracture(osteoporotic fracture)is considered to be the most serious outcome of osteoporosis due to its high disability rate and high fatality rate.Osteoporotic fracture is considered to be the most serious outcome of osteoporosis.Because of its high disability rate and high mortality.Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation,which can lead to systemic diseases,such as cardiovascular system,respiratory system and endocrine system caused by metabolic disorders.Some studies had shown that obesity also be associated with systemic inflammation,which in turn affects health.Obesity and osteoporosis are two kinds of complex diseases,especially with the increase of age,the incidence of these two diseases in the elderly is increasing,which has a great impact on the morbidity and mortality.At the same time,obesity and osteoporosis are two closely related complex diseases,the relationship between them is far from conclusive,because there may be positive or negative relationships between them.Osteoblasts and adipocytes are both differentiated from common bone marrow stromal stem cells,and they can be transformed into each other in certain conditions;adipose tissue can act on bone tissue through adipocytokines and paracrine;Chronic systemic inflammation caused by obesity can also affect the formation of bone cells.Part of previous studies were limited to analyze the mechanical load effect of total weight on bones,which may bring out confusion even bias between obesity and osteoporosis.Other studies analyzed the relationship between each component and bone mass,separating thin/muscle tissue and adipose tissue completely,which cannot fully estimate the comprehensive effects.The aim of our study was to assess the fat distribution'effect on bone.Aim:Our study performed systemic analyses for evaluating complex relationship between fat distribution and osteoporosis.Subjects and methods:A total of 6,861 Chinese aged?65 years(3,865 females,aged at 71.97±0.06;2,996 males,aged at 72.54±0.06)were enrolled in our ongoing cohort study(OPP).Body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)and bone mineral density(BMD)were measured and calculated.The t test,?2 test,and logistic regression were conducted with SPSS.Results:Males tend to have higher WHR(P<0.0001)and heaver weight(P<0.0001)than females.The BMD and osteoporosis also have sex differences.BMI was positively associated with BMDs and helps to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis in elders especially in females.For example,in females,OR value was 0.225(95%CI:0.151,0.335)in overweight group,in obesity group when compared to the normal weight group.However,in subgroups WHR and WL have risk effects on OP,e.g.,in males the OR values were 2.160,3.784,and 3.261 at spine,hip and femur neck,respectively.Conclusions:Our results suggest that BMI is a protective factor on osteoporosis,but WHR and WL have risk effects on osteoporosis.Both fat mass and distribution are related with osteoporosis.Chapter 2Obesity parameters are associated with body dynamic balance in a large elderly Chinese populationOsteoporotic fractures also known as fragile fractures,are low-energy or non-violent fractures,occur in daily life without obvious external force or "usually does not cause fracture external force"(force from standing height or fall below standing height).Which is considered the most serious outcome of OP for its high disability rate and high mortality rate.body muscle mass decreased,body balance ability decreased,and the risk of fall increased.But few researches has been done to explore the relationship between body mass index(BMI),fat distribution and body dynamic balance ability.Aim:Our study performed systemic analyses for evaluating complex relationship between fat distribution parameters and body dynamic balance ability.Subjects and methods:Part 1:A total of 6,861 Chinese aged?65 years(3,865 females,aged at 71.97±0.06;2,996 males,aged at 72.54±0.06)were enrolled in our ongoing cohort study(OPP).Body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)wFall is the most important causes of osteoporotic fracture.With the age increasing,the ere measured and calculated.The body balance was measured by using the method proposed by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China.Part 2:A total of 2078 Chinese aged?65 years(1169 females,aged at 71.31 ± 5.41;915 males,aged at71.71±5.41)were enrolled in our ongoing cohort study(OPP).Body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)and bone mineral density(BMD)were measured and calculated.The composition of the body was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(TANITA MC-780MA).The t test,?2 test,and logistic regression were conducted with SPSS.Results:Males tend to have higher WHR(P<0.0001)and heaver weight(P<0.0001)than females.Males have better performance in balance parameters(P<0.05).The WHR and WL were significantly associated with some dynamic body balance parameters(OR<1)either in males or females.Trunk muscle mass has positive relationship with body dynamic balance.Conclusions:Our results suggest that WL and WHR are protective factors on body dynamic balance,larger body muscle mass also has positive association with body dynamic balance. |
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