Effect And Mechanism Of Different Kinds Of Drinking Water On Blood Pressure Of Mice

ObjectiveTo explore the protective effect and possible mechanism of drinking water on the normal mice and hypertensive mice.Method1.The TDS,pH,ORP,EC,dissolved hydrogen(DH),calcium and magnesium were measured.2.Sixty ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:pure water group(PW),tap water group(TW)and filtered water group(FW).Afer 12 h fasting,mice were measured blood pressure and sacrifced.Blood was collected,and serum calcium,sodium,potassium,angiotensin(Ang?),aldosterone(ALD)and catecholamine(CA)were detected.3.A total of 70 adult male ICR mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group and the model group.The mice in model group were fed with N'-nitro-Larginine methyl ester hydrochloride(L-NAME)64mg/kg per day,and the control group was treated with the same dose of pure water.1 month later,select the mice that have been successfully modeled(SBP>95%CI of control group),randomly divide into 3 groups: pure water group(PW),tap water group(TW)and filtered water group(FW),they were given the corresponding drinking water respectively.The control group received pure water.2 months later,mice were measured blood pressure and sacrifced.Blood was collected,and serum total super oxide dismutase(T-SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),glutathione S-transferase(GSH-ST),nitric oxide(NO)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)were analyzed according to the manufacturer,s instructions.Serum interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1?(IL-1?),tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),Endothelin(ET-1)and Angiotensin(Ang?)were detected.Renal tissue total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and glutathione S-transferase(GSH-ST)activities and Reactive oxygen species(ROS)in renal were measured.The expression levels of TNF-?,IL-1?,IL-6 and NF-?B P65 were analysed via qRT-PCR.The protein expression level of P-P65 was measured by western blot.Simultaneously morphological changes of heart,kidney and thoracic aorta paraffin section were observed.Results 1.The quality parameters of different kinds of drinking waterThe pH,TDS and EC of the filtered water were higher than that of pure water and tap water.Filtered water contains dissolved hydrogen,which was not detected in pure and tap water.The content of calcium and magnesium in filtered water was higher than that of pure water and tap water.The content of copper and selenium in tap water was higher than that of pure and filtered water.2.The efftecs of different kinds of drinking water on miceThree months later,systolic pressure(SBP),mean blood pressure(MBP)anddiastolic pressure(DBP)of the mice in FW were lower than that in PW and TW.There were no signifficant difference in calcium,sodium,potassium,Ang?,ALD and CA in the mice.3.The efftecs of different kinds of drinking water on hypertensive miceThe SBP,MBP and DBP of the mice that given L-NAME were significantly higher than those of the mice given PW after 1 month.Treatment of mice with the FW for 2 months significantly reduced the SBP,MBP and DBP,whereas the SBP,MBP and DBP of the mice in PW and TW were significantly higher than that in FW(P<0.05).There were no diffirences in HR in four groups.The content of NO in PW were sigficantly lower than that in control group,and the concentrations were increased in FW as compared to that in PW and TW.Serum enzymes(T-SOD,GSH-Px and GSH-ST)were sigficantly decreased in mice of the PW and the FW treatment resulted in markedly increased serum T-SOD,GSH-Px and GSH-ST.There were no difference in serum NOS and MDA in each groups.Serum levels of ET-1,Ang?,IL-1? and TNF-? were significantly higher in PW than in control group.The level of IL-6 in TW was increased,but it was significantly decreased as compared to that in PW.Consumption of FW decreased serum levels of ET-1,Ang?,IL-1?,IL-6 and TNF-?.The content of T-SOD in PW was higher than that in control group.Compared to the PW,T-SOD of the mice in FW was significantly increased.The level of MDA in PW was higher than that in control group.But there were no significantly difference in TW and FW compared to PW and control group.Additionally,GSH-ST was significantly lower in PW and TW than control group,whereas,GSH-ST was restored by consumption of FW.There were no difference in GSH-Px in PW,TW,FW and control group.IL-6,TNF-?,IL-1? and NF-?B P65 are abundantly expressed in the renal.The mRNA of TNF-?,IL-1? and NF-?B P65 were significantly increased in PW.Consumption of FW decreased renal mRNA levels of TNF-?,IL-1? and NF-?B P65 content.The mRNA expression levels of IL-6 in PW was higher than that in control group,The FW reduced the content of IL-6.There was no significantly difference between TW and PW.As a subunit of the NF-?B dimer,p65 has typically been chosen as an index of NF-?B activation.PW also exihibited higher expression of phosphorylated NF-?B P65 in kidney compared to FW,which was demonstrated by Western blotting analysis.The glomerular and renal tubules of the mice were normal in all groups.There was no thickening of the vascular of the arteriole and inflammatory cell infiltration,glomerular hyaline change and so on.The center muscle in heart tissuewas normal,the arrangement was neat.The muscle fibers were evenly and regularly.The thickness of the vascular of the thoracic aorta is uniform,and the size of the aortic vascular smooth muscle cells is normal and arranged regularly.ConclusionThere were no significantly difference in the blood pressure,ion and hormone in normal mice.Filtered water can enhance defense system of the anti free radical in mice by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.The filtered water can down-regulate the expression of IL-6,TNF-? and IL-1? in mice by inhibiting NF-?B.The levels of ET-1 and Ang? in the hypertensive mice were reduced in filtered water.