Influence Factors Of The Bioavailability Of Flavonoid And Saponin In Traditional Chinese Medicine

A new technology for bionic gastrointestinal digestion and absorption was designed,including bionic digestion,gut microbial metabolism,and biomembrane extraction with monolayer-liposome.The transformation and metabolism of dietary compounds are affected significantly by gut microbiota.Hence,gut microbiota is used to improve bionic gastrointestinal tract.This new technology was used for the sample pretreatment of traditional Chinese medicine.The release,metabolism,digestion,absorption,and bioavailability of flavonoids and saponins were assessed by the difference of the concentration in the chyme from traditional Chinese medicine.High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used as detection method.The effects of extraction technologies,the combination of phytomedicine,gastrointestinal digestion,gut microbiota and digestion time on flavonoids and saponins bioavailability were discussed as follows.(1)A mobile phase,consisting of acetonitrile and 0.03%aqueous acetic acid,was used with a discontinuous gradient of 3%acetonitrile 0-3 min,15%acetonitrile 3-15 min,24%acetonitrile 15-26 min,and 25%acetonitrile 26-40 min.Four flavonoid glycosides from the extract,of Anoectochilus roxburghii,including rutin,quercetin,kaempferol,and isorhamnetin,were identified and quantified by HPLC--ESI/MS and HPLC,respectively.(2)The efficiency of extraction technology,including enzymic-alcohol extraction,reflux-ethanol extraction,rotatory-ethanol extraction,ultrasonic-extraction,ultrasonic-micro-wave-extraction,was assessed by the total content of flavonoid glycosides.The optimum technology is reflux-ethanol extraction for its high-speed,the least usage of ethanol,and the maximum extraction efficiency(i.e.,1.497%).(3)The concentration of saponins in the chyme from Panax notoginseng(San-Chi)and Pien Tze Huang(PZH)in gastrointestinal tract was controlled by both their release and metabolism.The saponins in San-Chi and PZH were released in stomach and intestine,respectively.After gastric digestion for 1.5 h the best release ratio of saponins in San-Chi was obtained,the content of notoginsenoside R1(N-R1),ginsenoside Rgl(G-Rgl),Rb1(G-Rb1),and Rdl(G-Rdl)in gastric chyme was 9.41,31.27,17.57,3.389 mg/g,respectively,but the concentration of saponins was decreased with the increasing of gastrointestinal digestion time.After intestinal digestion of PZH for 2 h,the maximum concentration of saponins in the chyme was 24.75 mg/g for N-R1,18.99 mg/g for G-Rgl,16.05 mg/g for G-Rbl,and 4.12 mg/g for G-Rdl,and such concentions could be kept for 4 h.Because intestine was the main absorption system,the combination of phytomedicine was benefit to saponins bioavailability.Gut microbiota could promote the metabolism of saponins.According to the dose from PZH Company and the content of monolayer liposome-soluble saponins,the maximum value of San-Chi was 0.49 g/day for children and 0.99 g/day for adult,respectively.