| The Yu Ning Tang Yi Shi Fang Shu is a compilation of the patent medicine,which records information of the patent medicine produced and sold by the Yu Ning Tang pharmacy,including the name,indicia,function,service method,price and so on.Its Kangxi version is also the earliest extant patent medicine compilation,which was earlier than the first edition of the Tong Ren tang Yao Mu published in 1706.Many patenet medicines have been applied in the Qing court and some are still used today.Yu Ning Tang was once a royal imperial pharmacy.However,this pharmacy is no longer in existence.It is rarely known and there are few relevant research.The Yu Ning Tang Yi Shi Fang Shu provided us with first-hand information on the study of the pharmacy,and it is also the most important material for the study of the Qing Dynasty's traditional Chinese medicine industry.This paper has collected the Shanghai 's version(Complete Bibliography of Chinese Medicine Classics records it as the Qing Dynasty version collected in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 's library),China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences' version(Complete Bibliography of Chinese Medicine Classics records it as the Kangxi 28th year(1689)version preserved in Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine's library),Guangxu's Version(the Guangxu 8th year Version hold in Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine's library).Based on above works,the research about Yu Ning Tang and its medical formulary has been conducted by means of historical philological methods,comparative research methods and bibliometric research methods.1?Three versions of the Formulas books have been collected including Shanghai's version,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences' version and Guangxu's Version.Then some materials related to medicine classification,name,price,service method,indications and son on has been sorted out to establish the database of Yu Ning Tang Yi Shi Fang Shu.2?The history of Yu Ning Tang has been investagited.It was pointed out that Yu Ning Tang had a considerable scale in 1689 AD and was located in a bustling commercial area outside Zhengyang Gate.According to the preface and related data,It can be inferred that the owner of Yu Ning Tang born in Yin County,Zhejiang Province.It is well documented that the pharmacy was royal drug supplier in Kangxi for a long time in some documents.Although Yu Ning Tang was replaced by Tong Ren Tang and lost its eligibility for imperial drugs,its business was still very prosperous during the Guangxu period,and still in business during the Republic of China.Perhaps due to the disaster of a severe fire in 1934,it gradually died out.3?The versions of Yu Ning Tang Yi Shi Fang Shu has been identified.It is pointed out that Shanghai 's version is the earliest version,and the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences' version is a complementary version of the Shanghai's version.It is inferred that the former was the Kangxi 28th year version based on the edition lines,fonts and other styles of engraving,which supplements the inadequacy of the Complete Bibliography of Chinese Medicine Classics as the only description of the "Qing dynasty version".At the same time,It is not exact to record the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences' version as "the Kangxi 28th year(1689)version."4?The Yu Ning Tang's medicine has been analyzed.?In terms of quantity,the medicine number of three versions gradually increased,which demonstrated that the scale of pharmacy has been expanding.? In terms of dosage form,pills,powders,ointments and elixir formulations have been mainly applied as medicines in Yu Ning Tang.Pills are the most important dosage form with the largest number which indicated that most medicines are more convenient to formulate,carry,and use.?In terms of the medicine administration,the use of the same medicines is the same in the three versions.The medicines are divided into internal and external,and the former is relatively complex in the aspects of media,symptoms,dosage,time,taking taboos and so on.?In terms of price,the prices of medicines showed a gradual increase in the three versions,ranging from 0 to 200%.Compared with the prices at that time,the market price is higher.5?The source of Yu Ning Tang medicine has been examined.Based on theChinese Medical Code,the name of the Yu Ning Tang medicine has been investigated combining various types of databases.The results showed that nearly half of the medicines have ancient prescriptions,and the medical formulary exists a wide spread of time,ranging from 992 to 1853.Yu Ning Tang also own 9 taught medicines and 50 kinds of self-made medicines.In addition,there were 171 Chinese medicines without examined results.Compared with the integration of the Qing court palace formula,many patent medicines have been included in the Qing formula,with the same the instructions and the Qing formula,which can be concluded that there is an obvious interrelationship between the folk medicine and the court medicine.6?A comparison analysis has been conducted between the current medical formulary and modern Pharmacopoeias.? Compared with He Nian Tang Wan San Hui Ji.The He Nian Tang has sold 407 kinds of medicines,and 277 kinds of which have the same name as Yu Ning Tang.In addition,the contents of the two categories are the same,which means that He Nian Tang Wan San Hui Ji is likely to be plagiarized and copied from the contents of the Yu Ning Tang Yi Shi Fang Shu.It can be seen that there is a mutual reference between the pharmacies at that time.?During the reign of Emperor Guangxu,nearly half of the medicines are the same between Yu Ning Tang and Tong Ren Tang,but there are more than 50 types of medicines sold in Yu Ning Tang less than Tong Ren Tang,a royal pharmacy at that time.It can be seen that Yu Ning Tang has fallen behind Tong Ren Tang.?In the end,a comparison analysis has been performed between Yu Ning Tang and each edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and a general distribution of the Yu Ning Tang medicine in each edition of the Pharmacopoeia was obtained.Therefore,a better understanding and knowledge in the value of the Yu Ning Tang Yi Shi Fang Shu has been acquired. |
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