| ObjectiveUsing enthylene glycol and ammonium chloride in SD rats to induced male animal model of calcium oxalate stone;the potassium hydrogen citrate sodium particles were used as the intervening factors to observe the effects of potassium hydrogen citrate sodium granules on SD rat of calcium oxalate stones.To investigate the mechanism of oxidative stress in rats with potassium hydrogen sodium citrate.To seek new ideas for prevention and treatment of calcium oxalate stonesMethods1.32 healthy male SD rats were divided into A,B.C and D groups,8 rats in each group.Group A was normal control group;group B was stone formation group;group C was Potassium Sodium Hydrogen Citrate Graunles intervening group 1;group D was Potassium Sodium Hydrogen Citrate Graunles intervention group 2..2.Intraperitoneal injection of 500mg/kg of EG plus 2%ammonium chloride daily 2ml g to establish the SD rat renal calcium oxalate stone model.3.Four weeks after the experiment,24h urine was collected to measure the urine volume,urine Oxalate and calcium concentration;collect the blood to measure serum of BUN?Cr?Ca2+?K+ and Na+.The content of renal tissue MDA?SOD?OPN were measured in each of group rats;All kidneys were removed then CaOx crystals deposit and tubular dilatation in the kidney were observed under light microscopy(HE-staining);Use electron microscope to observe,the mitochondria of glomerular foot cells,basal membrane and renal tubular epithelial cells were observed.Results1.Urine test results:24h urine concentration of Ox and Ca2+ show that group A significantly below group B?C?D(P<0.05)and group C?D significantly below group B(P<0.05);There was a significant difference in 24h urine output between the 4 groups(P<0.05).2.Blood test index results:Serum concentration of BUN,Cr showed that group A significantly below group B?C?D(P<0.05);Serum concentration of BUN,Cr show that group B significantly below group C?D(P<0.05);compared with group D,serum BUN in group D showed a decreasing trend(P = 0.06,P>0.05);Serum concentration of Cr in groups C and D decreased significantly(P<0.05).There are not statistically difference in the concentrations of Ca2+,Na + and K + in blood(P>0.05).3.Renal tissue index results:Compared with group A,the group B concentration of MDA were significantly increased and the enzyme activity of SOD were significantly decreased in serum(P<0.05);Compared with group B;the enzyme concentration of MDA were significantly decreased and the group C,D activity of SOD were significantly increased in serum(P<0.05);there was no signigicant difference in the enzymatic activity of SOD between Cand D(P=0.493,P>0.05);the enzyme concentration of MDA in groups C and D decreased significantly(P<0.05);compared with group A,the enzyme concentration of MDA were significantly increased and the group C.D activity of SOD were significantly decreased in serum(P<0.05);4.HE staining and stone crystal score results:Normal control group,there was no dilation of renal tubules.There were many pieces of calcium oxalate crystals in the tubule lumen of the rats in the stone formation group and the luminal expansion was obvious;potassium hydrogen citrate sodium particles intervened in the rats of the rats in the first and second groups.In the lumen of tubules,only a few scattered calcium oxalate crystals were found..The stone crystal score suggested that potassium and sodium hydrogen citrate particles in group 1 and group 2 obviously decreased compared with that group stone formation(P<0.05).Compared with group 1,potassium and sodium hydrogen citrate,Intervention group 2 crystals decreased,the difference was not statistically significant(P = 0.582,P>0.05).5.Ultrastructural observation and mitochondrial scoring results of electron microscopy:No abnormal glomerular ultrastructure was observed in the control group;glomerular ultrastructure showed lesions of varying degrees in the control group;most of the podocytes were swollen and part of the foot processes were prominent.Regional fusion changes occurred.Membrane areas were seen as electron-dense,swelling and mitochondrial mitochondria.The potassium hydrogen sodium citrate particles intervened in the 12 groups.The glomerular ultrastructure showed mild lesions,and the mitochondrial structure was basically normal.The mitochondrial scores indicated that the disruption of mitochondrial structure in group 1 and group 2 of sodium hydrogen citrate was significantly lower than that of stone group(P<0.05);compared with group 1 of potassium hydrogen citrate as intervention group 1,potassium hydrogen citrate Sodium particles interfered slightly in the mitochondrial structure in the two groups,but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.458,P>0.05).Conclusions1.500 mg/kg ethylene glycol was injected with 2%ammonium chloride to establish a male SD rat calcium oxalate kidney stone model;2.The experimental results show that potassium citrate granules can reduce the content of calcium ion andOx in urine;3.potassium citrate granules increase the urine volume of rats,4.potassium citrate granules effectively inhibit the expression level of OPN in renal Group;5.potassium citrate granules enhance SOD vigor inhance the anti-oxidate capbility,reduce oxygen free radicals,and protect renal tubular epithelium;6.After oral administration of potassium hydrogen sodium citrate,the crystallinity was significantly reduced,the glomerular podocyte and basement membranes were improved,and the damage of renal tubular mitochondria was reduced. |
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