| In April 1990,Chinese PLA participated in the UN peacekeeping operation for the first time.It was the first time that China dispatched an integrated peacekeeping infantry battalion to South Sudan in 2015,making a historic breakthrough in the type of Chinese peacekeeping troops.China has enhanced its international status with participating in the UN peacekeeping operations,which also has shaped a good international image and improved soft power by that.It has promoted the development of China's armed forces and contributed to the promotion of regional security and stability in the peaceful settlement of disputes and the acceleration of the relevant national economy.For now and in the future,China will continue to participate in peacekeeping missions in order to maintain world peace.It is the peacekeeping officers and soldiers who face extreme challenges and suffer harm from the continuous conflicts,such as violence,terrorism,and local wars,in peacekeeping mission areas.There have been14 officers and soldiers given their precious life away for the maintenance of international peace and security.In 2016,two violent incidents occurred in Mali and South Sudan,resulting in the sacrifice of three peacekeepers.In the course of the treatment,there were many deficiencies such as insufficient treatment ability,weak rescue power,insufficient solid technical training for self-rescue and rescue,and so on.In accordance with the requirements of China's military training program and Medical Support Manual for United Nations Field Missions,this study conducted a systematic investigation and analysis of the capabilities and current situation of the officers and soldiers of the peacekeeping task force in South Sudan to assess training effect of self-rescue and mutual rescue and problems exposed during training systematically,for providing some empirical and scientific evidence for the training of peacekeepers and military preparations for the future.On the basis of retrieving literature published in domestic periodicals,we referred to the training and assessment standards of China's military training syllabus,and with the guidance of the professors from Shandong University we designed the self-rescue and mutual-saving technology questionnaire.There were 40 peacekeepers who had participated in peacekeeping operations were tested,and then the questionnaire was revised by that.In 2016,there were three peacekeeping units in south Sudan,including 700 peacekeepers in infantry battalion,268 peacekeepers in engineering unit and 63 peacekeepers in medical unit.The three units issued questionnaires 600,236 and 63 respectively,and the actual recovery questionnaires were 550,220 and 58,with a recovery rate of 92.1%.To investigate the general situation of the soldiers' age,education level and the proportion of officers and soldiers in the three peacekeeping units of South Sudan.To conduct a survey and analysis on the time and training methods for the training of all members of South Sudan peacekeeping units in the training of self-rescue and mutual rescue.To investigate the understanding,mastery and application of 9 common self-rescue and mutual rescue techniques of South Sudanese peacekeepers.To conduct a survey and analysis on the cognition of the training of self-rescue and mutual rescue by the memberss of South Sudan peacekeeping units.Make a systematic analysis of the survey results,and make suggestions on how to better conduct self-rescue and mutual rescue training in normal,centralized training and abroad.The average age,composition ratio of officers and soldiers,and level of education of the medical team members were higher than that of infantry battalion and engineering unit.The differences were significant between them.There was no difference between infantry battalion and engineering unit.The single training time,annual training time,training frequency and pre-dispatch training time of the infantry battalion were significantly longer than those of the engineering unit and the medical unit.The difference of training time between the two units was not obvious.The peacekeeping forces were trained by theoretical class,observation class and practical class.The ratio of officers and soldiers trained in the theoretical class in the infantry battalion and engineering unit was significantly higher than that of the medical unit;the proportion of officers and soldiers trained in the infantry battalion was significantly higher than that of engineering unit and medical unit.There is no difference among the three units in practical class.The percentage of officers and soldiers trained in all three training methods in the infantry battalion is higher than that of the medical unit,and the difference is obvious.The percentage of officers and soldiers who had received open airway training in infantry battalion,medical unit,and engineering unit was 77.9%,66.7%,and 55.2%,respectively.The differences among the three units were significant.The training in the use of oropharyngeal snorkel was most common among peacekeeping officers and soldiers.The proportion of soldiers and soldiers trained in four ways,that was,hemostasis,emergency bandages,cassette tourniquets,and new tourniquets.The percentage of officers and soldiers trained by these four ways in infantry battalion,medical unit,and engineering unit was 60.3%,33.3%,and 23.2%,respectively.The three differences were significantly.The infantry battalion were mainly trained with tourniquets and new tourniquets.The engineering unit and medical unit were mainly guided by tourniquets and tourniquets.Most of the officers and soldiers received training in bandaging techniques.The proportions of officers and soldiers who received training in bandages and emergency wound bandages in the infantry battalion,medical unit and engineering unit were 78.8%,66.7%,and 27.6%,respectively.The difference among the three figures was significant.Three highest percentage of the infantry garrison of the peacekeeping force received fixed technology were: coil splint,traction splint,and pneumatic splint.The medical unit followed and the engineering unit was the least.The differences among the three were significant.Currently,the training of the coil splint fixation technology is the mainstay.Investigations were conducted on the training of seven types of techniques,including creeping-transporting,crawling-transporting,dragging-transporting,stretcher transporting,single transporting,double transporting,and wounded personnel of lumbar or cervical-vertebral fractures transporting.The results showed that the training types of the troops were different,and the training items were the most in the infantry battalion.The medical unit was followed,and the least was the engineering unit.The differences among the three units were significant.The differences among the officers and soldiers trained by these seven types of transportation techniques between infantry battalion and medical unit were not obvious,but both were higher than that of the engineering unit and the differences were significant.This thesis surveyed the four technical trainings of peacekeeping force,including CPR(cardio respiratory resuscitation),intravenous fluids,phlebotomy,and medullary cavity injection.The results showed that the medical unit had the highest average number of training items,followed by the infantry battalion,and the least in the engineering unit.The differences among the three were significant.There were 38 members(7.1%)in infantry battalion and 47 members(23.2%)in engineering unit did not receive CPR training,which should attract the attention of their superiors and troops.Most officers and soldiers received training in pain relief and infection prevention.The average number of training items for the medical unit was the highest,followed by the infantry battalion,and the lowest for the engineering unit.The differences among the three were significant.However,11 soldiers(20.4%)of the medical unit did not receive any training on pain relief and prevention of infection,which shows that there is a weak link in the training of non-medical personnel in medical unit members.All three units conducted investigations of preventing heat damage(drinking plenty of water,resting as much as possible,eating meals on time,and supplementing salt lost during sweating and avoiding exposure).The results showed that all three units have been received four levels of knowledge training in different degrees to prevent heat damage.Among them,the average number of training items for the medical unit is the highest,followed by the infantry battalion,and the minimum for the engineering unit.The differences among the three are significant.Most officers and soldiers of the three units received training in the prevention and treatment of ocular trauma,and there was no significant difference in the average number of training items among the three units.There were 42.9%,38.6% and 39.2% of the officers and soldiers of the infantry battalion,engineering unit and medical unit,respectively.The differences among the three units were insignificant,indicating that no matter what kind of troops they are,self-rescue and mutual rescue training are essential and vital.Except for a small number of officers and soldiers,infantry battalion,engineering unit,and medical unit are very consistent in their recognition of the importance of self-rescue and mutual assistance.The belief that the proportion of important and very important among officers and soldiers was 98.9%,99.5%,and 98.1%,respectively,indicating that self-rescue and mutual rescue training techniques were very important.The importance of saving technical training was almost identical to that of all officers and soldiers.Hemostasis,aeration,bandaging,basic life support,analgesia,and infection prevention were consistent in the ordering of the three units,the first 4 columns ranked from top one to the fourth,the pain-relief and prevention infection ranked the 6th,and the transporting ranked the ninth,indicating that the understanding of the importance of these six technologies is the same among the three units;the fixed technology medical queue ranked the 5th,the infantry battalion and the engineering unit ranked the 8th,which showed that the medical unit pays more attention to the significance of fixed technology in preventing secondary injuries;prevention of heat damage ranked the 5th in division of the engineering line,and that ranked the 7th in the infantry battalion and the medical sub-cohort,which shows that the engineering field units that frequently work in the field pay more attention to the prevention of heat damage than the other two units stationed in the camp.For the recognition of the importance of eye injury protection,the infantry battalion was ranked the fifth,and the engineering unit and medical unit were ranked the 7th and the 8th,which was also the cognitive difference caused by the nature of the task.The officers and soldiers of the peacekeeping forces in South Sudan had received various self-rescue and mutual-saving technical trainings in various degrees.From the results of the research,the infantry battalion has paid the highest attention to the self-rescue and mutual rescue technology training,whose training time,training frequency,or training contents were the most abundant.The average number of training items in the infantry battalion for ventilation,hemostasis,bandaging,and fixation of the four traditional techniques were significantly higher than that of the medical unit and the engineering unit.Infantry battalion and medical unit received a higher average number of training items than the engineering unit.The medical team took the lead in the training of life support,pain relief,and prevention of infection and prevention of heat injury,followed by infantry battalion,and the least of engineering unit.Most officers and soldiers of the three units received training in the prevention and treatment of ocular trauma,and there was no significant difference in the average number of training items among the three units.The training level,training time,training standards and emphasis for self-rescue and mutual rescue techniques for the three peacekeeping units in South Sudan were all different.The infantry battalion was the best,the medical unit was the second,and the engineering unit was the weakest.Among the three units,there were one or two training item of self-rescue or mutual rescue that peacekeepers have not participated in.This is far from the requirements of the military training program and the requirements of the United Nations.This is an area that we have to attach importance to.Daily training of self-rescue and mutual rescue must be performed,and intensive training must be done before battle.It is necessary to conduct simulation training in a virtual environment and in a real environment.Only in this way can we truly achieve a combination of peace and war. |
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