Study On Agricultural System Of Traditional Orchard In The Reaches Of Yellow River

The Yellow River basin is one of the birthplaces of Chinese agricultural civilization and nourishes many traditional orchards for hundreds or even thousands of years.Some of these orchards have continued to this day and have been rated as important agricultural heritage in China and the world as a whole.Traditional orchard,as a representative of the Chinese compound agricultural production system,covers the planting and breeding industry.It is an epitome of various management modes in ancient Chinese agricultural production.The concrete forms of traditional orchard include the combination of tree and grain,the combination of fruits and vegetables,and the combination of planting and breeding.Under the guidance of traditional farming thought,the management adheres to the fundamental philosophy of“harmony between man and nature” and “reverence for nature.” The various technical systems in traditional orchard constitute a complete agricultural system,including the technical system of forest management,the technical system of undergrowth management,and the system of indigenous knowledge.Moreover,the technical system of forest management and undergrowth management is idiographic operation technics,and the system of indigenous knowledge is theoretical proof.The technical system of forest management mainly focuses on the management and protection of fruit trees.It takes into account the whole process of fruit tree growth,such as breeding technology,flower and fruit management,insect control technology,which is the characteristic of agricultural technology in traditional orchard.The technical system of undergrowth management is the technical experience learned from the field’s agricultural production.Furthermore,traditional orchard combines local characteristics and creates a unique technical system,which follows the basic principle of “adjusting measures to local conditions.” The main body of the system of indigenous knowledge is the fruit growers,who form the indigenous knowledge about “heaven,” “earth,” and “people” through practice and finally form the knowledge system under the influence of indigenous culture with the help of stratum of scholars and rulers.Traditional orchard has a long history and has undertaken three stages of evolution: the traditional period,the introduction of Western science,and the reflection of modern agriculture.The reasons for the evolution include political,economic,cultural,and ecological aspects,which arewith regularity.Traditional orchard has been evolving for a long time,which is closely related to the adherence to the traditional technological system and also has a specific impact on the local and the whole drainage basin.This paper explores the reasons for the long-term maintenance of traditional orchard.Through on-the-spot investigation and consulting ancient books and documents,the internal technical system and management mechanism are analyzed horizontally,and the evolution process of traditional orchard is taken as the starting point of the longitudinal study.Therefore,this paper concludes that the reasons why traditional orchard can be maintained for a long time in the Yellow River basin are closely related to the adherence to the traditional technical system,and further analyzes that the effect of the agricultural system in the traditional orchard.Traditional orchard has attracted extensive attention and consideration in society for its long-lasting development.Its production,management technology and experience have influenced on the development of modern orchard and agriculture.