Study On The Effect Of Fertilization On Trachycarpus Fortunei In Three Kinds Of Soil Lithology

Trachycarpus fortunei is a highly economic tree species.Scientific and reasonable fertilization is the basis of cultivating high-quality seedlings of T.fortunei.In this paper,3-year-old treelets of T.fortunei were used as experimental materials.orthogonal fertilization experiments were conducted on three kinds of lithologic soil to study the effects of different N,P,K ratio on T.fortunei growth,physiological and biochemical characteristic.T.fortunei leaves on three kinds of lithologic soil fertilization was used to diagnose by DRIS method.the fertilizer requirement sequence of T.fortunei on three lithologic soils was obtained.The optimal fertilizer ratio,amount fertilization strategies T.fortunei on three kinds of lithologic soils were obtained by orthogonal test analysis,which could guide the scientific fertilization of T.fortunei plantation,and achieve the effect of suitable land,fertilizer and early mature forest.The conclusions are as follows:（1）The results showed that N was the greatest effect on seedling height and ground diameter,and the effects of P and K were different from soil.The optimal schemes for ground diameter growth on pure limestone lime soil,calcareous dolomite lime soil and yellow soil developed by sand shale were N₃P₁K₃,i.e.treatment 9 and N₂P₂K₂respectively.The optimal schemes for seedling height on pure limestone lime soil,calcareous dolomite lime soil and yellow soil developed by sand shale were N₁P₁K₃,N₄P₃K₃ and N₃P₂K₂ respectively.（2）Based on the analysis of root growth of T.fortunei seedlings after fertilization on three kinds of lithologic soils.The results showed that N₂P₄K₁ was the best scheme for total root length,root surface area and root tip number on pure limestone soil,and the optimal schemes for root diameter and root volume were N₃P₄K₃ and N₃P₄K₂,i.e.treatment 12.In calcareous dolomite limestone soil,the best scheme for total root length,root surface area and root tip number was N₂P₁K₁,and the optimal schemes for root diameter and total root volume were N₂P₁K₃ and N₂P₁K₂,i.e.No.5 treatment.On the yellow soil developed by sand shale,the best scheme for total root length and root tip number was N₂P₄K₁,the optimal scheme for root surface area and total root volume was N₂P₄K₂,and the optimal scheme for root diameter was N₃P₄K₂,i.e.treatment 12.Among the three factors,N was the greatest effect on root morphological indexes,while P and K factors had different effects on root morphology indexes according to soil and root indexes.（3）Through the analysis of the biomass of T.fortunei seedlings after fertilization on three kinds of soil lithology,it was found that the optimal schemes for root biomass,stem and leaf biomass and root/shoot ratio growth were N₂P₁K₄,N₂P₁K₃ and N₁P₂K₄ respectively.In calcareous dolomite soil,the optimal schemes for root biomass,stem leaf biomass and root shoot ratio growth were N₂P₁K₄,N₂P₂K₄ and N₁P₁K₁ i.e.the control group（No.1 treatment）respectively,.N₂P₃K₂and N₂P₄K₂ were the best schemes for root biomass,stem leaf biomass and root/shoot ratio growth in sandy shale yellow soil.Among the three factors,N had the greatest effect on root biomass and stem leaf biomass,and K had the greatest effect on root shoot ratio.（4）Based on the analysis of physiological and biochemical characteristics of T.fortunei seedlings after fertilization on three kinds of soil lithology.The results showed that the optimal schemes for the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein and root activity were N₃P₃K₁,N₃P₂K₂and N₄P₁K₄,i.e.treatment 13,respectively.On calcareous limestone soil,the optimal scheme for the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein and root activity were N₂P₃K₃,i.e.treatment 11,N₃P₃K₂ and N₄P₃K₃ respectively.The best scheme for the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein and root activity on sandy shale yellow soil were N₂P₁K₃、N₂P₂K₄、N₄P₄K₃ respectively.Among the three factors,N was the greatest effect on soluble sugar and root activity of T.fortunei on two lime soils,and N、K、P were the most influential factors for soluble protein contents on three kinds of soil respectively.（5）Through the analysis of photosynthetic indexes of T.fortunei seedlings after fertilization in three kinds of lithologic soil.The results showed that the optimal scheme for the effects of Fertilization on chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll was N₂P₁K₁,and the optimal schemes for net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration were N₂P₁K₂,namely treatment 5,N₂P₄K₂,N₂P₄K₁ and N₄P₄K₂respectively.N₄P₁K₂ was the best scheme for chlorophyll a content on calcareous dolomite soil,N₄P₂K₃（No.14 treatment）was the best scheme for chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents,and the best scheme for transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration were N₄P₁K₃,N₂P₂K₂ and N₃P₂K₂ respectively.N₃P₄K₁ was the best effect for chlorophyll a,N₃P₄K₄ for chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll,N₂P₃K₂ for net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance,and N₃P₄K₂ for intercellular carbon dioxide concentration.Except for P element,which was the greatest influence on chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content on pure limestone lime soil and net photosynthetic rate on sandy shale yellow soil,N element was a greater impact on each index.（6）Through the analysis of nutrient composition of T.fortunei seedlings after fertilization on three kinds of soil lithology,The results showed that the optimal scheme for the contents of leaf nitrogen,leaf phosphorus and leaf potassium in pure limestone lime soil was N₂P₄K₃,N₁P₁K₁（CK）and N₁P₂K₄ respectively.N₃P₄K₃,N₁P₁K₃ and N₁P₄K₄ were the best schemes for nitrogen content,phosphorus content and potassium content in stem segment respectively.N₄P₃K₃,N₁P₄K₁ and N₂P₄K₂ were the optimal schemes for the contents of root nitrogen,root phosphorus and root potassium.In calcareous dolomite calcareous soil,the optimal schemes for the contents of leaf nitrogen,leaf phosphorus and leaf potassium were N₃P₃K₃,N₁P₃K₁ and N₁P₂K₄ respectively;the optimal schemes for the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of stem segment were N₃P₄K₃,N₁P₄K₃ and N₄P₁K₄（treatment 13）,and the optimal scheme for the contents of root nitrogen,root phosphorus and root potassium were N₄P₂K₃（treatment 14）,N₁P₁K₁（treatment 1）and N₄P₄K₂.The best schemes for the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of roots were N₂P₂K₃,N₁P₃K₃,N₄P₄K₂,N₄P₁K₃,N₁P₄K₁ and N₁P₂K_4.The best schemes for the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of root were N₃P₁K₄,N₁P₄K₃ and N₂P₂K₄.Among the three factors,N were the greatest influence on leaf nitrogen content,leaf phosphorus content and stem nitrogen content,and had the greatest impact on stem phosphorus content and root phosphorus content in two kinds of soil;K had the greatest impact on stem potassium content and root potassium content in three kinds of soil,and had the greatest impact on leaf potassium content and leaf potassium content on two kinds of soil;P had the most affected on root nitrogen content in the two kinds of soils.（7）DRIS nutrition diagnosis of T.fortunei leaves on three kinds of lithologic soil showed that the order of fertilizer requirement was P>N>K,and the critical values of N,P and K contents in T.fortunei leaves were 18.77g/kg,1.22g/kg and 3.07g/kg,respectively.In calcareous dolomite calcareous soil,the order of fertilizer requirement in T.fortunei leaves was K>N>P,and the nitrogen content of T.fortunei leaves was 16.40g/kg,phosphorus content 1.14g/kg and potassium content 1.87g/kg.The fertilizer requirement order of T.fortunei in sandy shale yellow soil was N>K>P,and the critical values of N,P and K contents in T.fortunei leaves were 18.29g/kg,0.86g/kg and 2.19g/kg respectively.（8）Through the comprehensive evaluation of T fortunei indexes on three kinds of lithologic soil by fertilization.The results showed that the treatment with the highest principal component and seedling quality index was N₂P₁K₂ in the pure limestone lime soil;the highest comprehensive value of the main component value,seedling quality index and membership function was N₂P₂K₁in the calcareous dolomite limestone soil;the highest comprehensive value of the main component value,seedling quality index and membership function were N₃P₂K₄,N₂P₂K₁ and N₃P₄K₂respectively on the sandy shale yellow soil,and treatment 6 was the best.