Evaluation Method And Its Application Of International Competitiveness Of Broiler Industry

Since China joined the WTO in 2001,China’s agricultural development has become more closely linked to the world.On the one hand,with the gradual acceleration of the opening up of agriculture to the outside world,the degree of opening up has continued to increase,and the increase in foreign exchange opportunities has enabled China’s agricultural products to complement each other in the international and domestic markets.On the other hand,since 2004,China ’s agricultural trade has changed from a long-term surplus to a persistent deficit,and the international competitiveness of China ’s agricultural products has declined.The broiler industry is an indispensable industry in China’s agricultural supply-side structural reform.The broiler industry is also the most industrialized,large-scale,and market-oriented sector in China’s animal husbandry industry,and is the industry with the most potential for development in China’s animal husbandry industry.Broiler products are the only surplus products in the international trade of livestock products in China.The level of international competitiveness of the broiler industry is of great significance to the improvement of the competitiveness of China’s livestock products and even agricultural products.Based on the above background,this paper builds an evaluation index system for the international competitiveness of the broiler industry,which evaluates the international competitiveness of China’s broiler industry and compares it with Argentina,Brazil,the European Union,India,Indonesia,Mexico,Russia,South Africa,Thailand,Turkey,and the United States.The 11 broiler producing countries(or regions)compared the international competitiveness of broilers,and reached the following conclusions:Based on the industrial system,following the principles of comparative advantage,objectivity,operability,data availability,and independence,a set of evaluation system for the international competitiveness of the broiler industry is constructed.The indicator system starts from the four first-level indicators of resource endowment competitiveness,production competitiveness,consumption competitiveness,and trade competitiveness,and further breaks down 13 secondary indicators.The index weight is determined by the coefficient of variation method to evaluate the competitiveness of the broiler industry.China’s broiler production has shown a rapid growth trend since 1980.Although the output ranks in the forefront of the world,compared with the surveyed countries,China’s domestic broiler production has a lower proportion and the gap with the dominant countries is larger;the economic efficiency level and technical efficiency level are ranked lower,and the advantages are insufficient.Broiler consumption is steadily increasing.Although broiler consumption is the second highest in the world,per capita broiler consumption is still lower than the world average,and the consumption potential is huge.Although the proportion of domestic broiler consumption continues to increase,it is still relatively low compared to other countries visited.From the perspective of broiler trade,the domestic broiler market in China is basically self-sufficient.In the international market trade,the volume of trade continues to increase,and the broiler chicken ranks high in the international market share,but the export share is difficult to expand;the trade competitiveness index is close to the average level,and the competitive advantage is insufficient.The international competitiveness of the Chinese broiler industry has experienced three stages of rapid growth,steady development and volatile changes.Consumption competitiveness and insufficient production competitiveness are shortcomings that affect the overall competitiveness of the Chinese broiler industry.The agricultural resource structure characteristics of farmland area less than grassland area,and the decline of broiler feed self-sufficiency rate are the main reasons for China’s low resource endowment competitiveness.The efficiency of broiler production technology is insufficient,the price is unstable,and the high feed cost is not conducive to the improvement of broiler production competitiveness.The proportion of consumption of broilers in China is low,which lowers the competitive advantage of consumption.The low share of exports in the international market has led to a lack of competitiveness in China’s broiler trade.In the international comparison,the regional competitiveness of broiler chickens in South America has increased volatility since 2001,with advantages over Asia,Europe and North America,which has changed the development pattern of the broiler industry in the world.From the perspective of the overall index of broiler international competitiveness,the competitiveness of the broiler industry has formed the situation of Brazil’s first,United States’ second,India’s third,and the EU’s fourth after 2010,while China’s broiler international competitiveness is insufficient.In terms of specific competitiveness comparison,China’s broiler resource endowment competitiveness ranks sixth,and its competitive advantage is not obvious,but the ranking shows an increasing trend,which is conducive to the development of the broiler industry.From the perspective of production competitiveness,China’s long-term ranking is the last,and it has no competitive advantage.From the perspective of consumer competitiveness,China’s consumer competitiveness score increased but the ranking fell to the bottom,and the advantage declined.From the perspective of trade competitiveness,China has ranked low in the past 15 years,only 8th,and it has no obvious competitive advantage.Based on the above research conclusions,this study puts forward suggestions to improve the competitiveness of China’s broilers: Ensure the agricultural land area,increase the planting area of feed grains,find broiler feed grains that can replace corn and soybean meal,and ensure a stable supply of feed grains.Improve the production and processing technology level of broilers,control production costs,and ensure economic benefits.Increase the promotion of broiler nutrition and safety knowledge to consumers,reasonably guide consumption,and increase broiler consumption.Improve the quality of broiler products,support corporate brand building,and gain more international market share.Establish a proper risk prevention mechanism for the broiler industry to prevent and reduce the impact of emergencies on the broiler industry system.