| Objective: To explore two key technologies for ecological planting of Momordica grosvenori:(1)Taking Momordica grosvenori as the research object,the effects of using organic fertilizer,organic Bio-bacterial fertilizer,organic +inorganic compound fertilizer and inorganic compound fertilizer as base fertilizer on the growth and development of Momordica grosvenori were explored;(2)To investigate the occurrence regularity of fruit flies in the fruit stage of Momordica grosvenori,and compare the trapping effects of four different attractants on the fruit flies of Momordica grosvenori,so as to clarify that the fruit flies of Momordica grosvenori tend to emit their own odors.Methods: Part ?:(1)Momordica grosvenori planting base was fertilized with five different fertilization treatments: respectively: T1: Organic Fertilizer(5 kg of swine manure*)T2: Organic bio-fertilizer(5 kg of bio-fermented swine manure*)T3: organic-inorganic compound fertilizer(pig manure 5 kg + inorganic compound fertilizer 0.25 kg*)T4: Organic Bio-bacterial fertilizer(2.5 kg of Bio-bacterial fermented peanut bran),CK: 0.25 kg of inorganic compound fertilizer.The field management of all treatment groups was consistent in the late stage.Pure organic fertilization mode was adopted in the late stage of topdressing.(2)Measure the diameter of transverse stem and longitudinal stem of freshfruit and dried fruit at 1m of main vine in fruit stage of Momordica grosvenori by vernier caliper;The occurrence of root knot nematode disease and mosaic virus disease was investigated according to the disease grade table.The order of hanging vines and the number of fruit per plant,the proportion of fruit in each grade of large,medium and small,and the number of seeds were counted;the weights of fresh fruit,dried fruit,shell,seed and pulp were weighed by electronic scale,respectively;and the ratio of seed to pulp weight was calculated.(3)The content of Momordica grosvenori V was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Part ?:(1)Collect fruits and insects harmed by fruit flies in fixed areas of non-trapping test area regularly,count the number,bring them back to the laboratory to raise adults,count the number of adults,identify their species and male and female;(2)Using methyl eugenol,98%flies-inducing ketone,self-made food attractant and the mixture of sugar and vinegar wine as attractants,fruit flies were trapped in the orchard of Mohan by hanging bottles,and investigated once in 10 days.The number of fruit flies trapped was collected and counted,and brought back to the laboratory to identify their species,male and female.The attractants were replaced once in 40 days.(3)In the tropism test,one intact and artificially damaged fruit was taken and placed into cages A,B and C with a certain number of fruit flies in turn.After 2 minutes,the number of fruit flies remaining on the fruit was observed and counted separately,and repeated10 times,one fruit was repeated each time.Results: Part ?: Under the fertilization management mode of this experiment:(1)The effects on the absorption of organic matter in Momordica grosvenori plants were different,the maximum absorptionT1-CK was 53.80%,49.50%,48.40%,64.80%,68.10%,respectively,and the inorganic compound fertilizer group had the largest absorption of organic matter.(2)The effect on the main vine thickness was different,T1 and T3 groups,T2 and T3 groups,T3 and CK groups,T3 and T4groups(P < 0.001,P < 0.01,P < 0.001,P < 0.05).(3)The effects on the series of hanging vines were different.In group T1,the series of hanging vines were 4-6 vines,mainly 4-5 vines.In group T2,the number of vines with hanging fruit was mainly 4-6 Grade vines and 5 grade vines.In the T3 group,the number of vines with hanging fruit was mainly 4-6 and 4-5.T4 group mainly had 4-8 grade vines hanging fruit,and 5-6 grade vines were dominant;The plants in CK group were all vine-hanging fruits of grade 5-6.(4)Root-knot nematode was not found in Momordica grosvenori plants,but they were all affected by mosaic virus disease to different degrees.The disease index of each treatment group ranged from high to low: T3 > T4 > T2 = CK > T1.The most affected by mosaic virus disease was group T3,while group T1 was less affected by mosaic virus disease than other groups.(5)Number of fruits among different treatment groups(P > 0.05)(6)There were no significant differences in fresh fruit,dried fruit,shell,pulp weight and seed number between different treatment groups(P > 0.05).(7)The effects on seed weight of Momordica grosvenori were different,T1 and T3 groups,T1 and CK groups,T2 and CK groups,T4 and T3 groups,T4 and CK groups(P < 0.01,P < 0.01,P <0.001,P < 0.01,P < 0.001),and the treatment group with compound fertilizer in base fertilizer had higher seed weight,among which CK group had the highest 8.82 g,followed by T3 group 8.40 G.(8)The effect on the ratio of seed to pulp weight of Momordica grosvenori was different,T1 and T2 groups,T1 and T3 groups,T1 and CK groups,T4 and T3 groups,T4 and CK groups(P < 0.05,P < 0.01,P < 0.001,P < 0.05,P < 0.05),and the ratio of seed to pulp mass of T1 group was 4.43,with the highest pulp content;CK group had the lowest pulp content,and the ratio of seed to pulp mass was 3.51 G.(9)The effect on the content of Momordica grosvenori V was different,P < 0.0001 among the treatment groups,and there were significant differences among the groups.The order of the content of Momordica grosvenori V in each treatment group from high to low was CK > T4 > T1 > T3 > T2(9.07 > 8.10 > 7.62 >6.72 > 6.48 mg/g).Part ?:(1)The number of adults reared by insects and fruits reached its peak in mid-late October,including fruit flies of South Asia,fruit flies of melon and fruit flies of orange.(2)Different attractants had different trapping effects on flies,and the best mixed effect of sugar and vinegar wine was found,with the total number of traps reaching 5781,and had better trapping effects on female flies,with female flies accounting for51.44% of the total number of traps and 33.30% of the total number of traps;followed by 98.The total number of flies attracted by% flies,self-made food attractants and methyl eugenol was 1275,1265 and 616,respectively;the total number of female flies attracted by self-made food attractants was only 4.53%,and the total number of flies attracted by methyl eugenol and 98% flies attracted only male flies.The trapping flies are South Asian fruit flies,melon fruit flies,orange small fruit flies and striped fruit flies.(3)The tendency of fruit flies to artificially destroy Momordica grosvenori is stronger than that of intact fruit flies;the volatile odor of Momordica grosvenori is more effective to attract fruit flies from Momordica grosvenori than that from pumpkin,and the older the fruit,the greater the tendency of fruit flies to this fruit.Conclusion: Part ?: Under the fertilization management mode of this experiment:(1)Different base fertilizer treatments had little effect on the main vine size,yield,fresh,dried,shell,pulp weight and seed number of Momordica grosvenori during fruit growth and development;(2)Using organic fertilizer as base fertilizer to plant Momordica grosvenori can promote early flowering of Momordica grosvenori plants to a certain extent.(3)Using inorganic compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to plant Momordica grosvenori has higher seed weight and lower seed and pulp compared with organic fertilizer as base fertilizer.Using organic fertilizer as base fertilizer to plant Momordica grosvenori can improve the pulp content of fruit to a certain extent.(4)Momordica grosvenori V content in different basal fertilizer treatment groups from high to low was CK >T4 > T1 > T3 > T2.Part ?:(1)The damage peak of fruit flies in the fruit stage of Momordica grosvenori begins in late September,peaks in mid-October and ends in mid-late November.(2)The mixture of sugar and vinegar wine had the best trapping effect on Drosophila grosvenori,and had better trapping effect on female fruit flies,with the most species of fruit flies trapped.(3)Momordica grosvenori fruit itself contains chemical components that have strong attractant effect on Momordica grosvenori fruit flies,and the attractant effect of damaged Momordica grosvenori fruit is stronger than that of intact fruit. |
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