Investigation And Domestication On Agaricus Species In Inner Mongolia And Northeast China

In this paper,in the process of investigating the resources of Agaricus species in Inner Mongolia and Northeast China,the valuable wild edible Agaricus species were selected for isolation,and the two wild Agaricus species,Agaricus padanus Lancon and A.sinodeliciosus Zhuo R.Wang&R.L.Zhao,were successfully domesticated for the first time.The comparison of biological characteristics and domestication cultivation of wild strains and domesticated strains of A.padanus Lancon,the same strains in different regions and different strains in the same geographical environment were studied.A total of 81 specimens of Agaricus species were investigated and collected,and 12 species were identified based on macroscopic morphology and microstructure,of which 3 species were medicinal fungi.BLAST alignment of some of the described species was performed to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the Mrbayes method of ITS sequences,and the results showed that the self-tested sequences and the corresponding downloaded sequences in GenBank clustered together in separate branches;the fruiting bodies they cultivated clustered together with the ITS sequences of wild material as well as the corresponding downloaded sequences.A.padanus?A?strain was selected from Wushen Banner of Inner Mongolia.Formula 10 was selected from different media,which was mushroom?200g/L?,yeast powder 2g,MgSO40.5g,agar 20g and water 1L.The optimum formula was maltose,yeast powder,KCl and VB1.The optimum temperature for mycelium growth was 23-25?and pH:5.0-6.0.Four factors and three levels of variable orthogonal experiments were carried out.Maltose 40g,yeast powder 1g,KCl0.2g and VB1 200mg were obtained.The optimum C/N ratio was 40:1.A.padanus?B?is a domesticated strain of wild A.padanus Lancon.Through screening on different media,formula 10 is mushroom?200g/L?,yeast powder 2g,MgSO40.5g,agar 20g,water 1L,which is the same as A.padanus?A?.The best formula of sucrose,yeast powder,KH2PO4,2%mushroom?boiled juice?is obtained by single factor.The mycelia can grow at17-27?and the optimum temperature is 23-25?and pH:5.0-7.0.Four factors and three levels of variable orthogonal experiments were carried out.Sucrose 20g,yeast powder 1g,KH₂PO₄0.05g and VB₉100mg were obtained.The optimum C/N ratio was 20:1.A.padanus?C?strains collected from Xinjiang were screened by different culture media to obtain formula 11,which was mushroom?200g/L?,peptone 2g,?NH₄?₂SO₄0.5g,maltose 20g,agar 20g,and water 1L.The single factor obtained that the best formula was maltose,yeast powder,2%mushroom?boiled juice?,and the best without inorganic salt,and the suitable temperature was 23°C-25°C,pH:5.0-7.0.Four factors and three levels of variable orthogonal experiment were carried out.Maltose 20g,peptone 2g,KH₂PO₄0.1g,VE 50mg.This experiment can be concluded that A.padanus?C?can inhibit the growth of mycelium when added inorganic salts,and the optimal C/N ratio is 10:1.The A.sinodeliciosus was collected from Hangin Banner of Inner Mongolia,and the optimal mycelial growth of formula 11 was found to be mushroom?200g/L?,peptone 2g,?NH₄?₂SO₄0.5 g,maltose 20g,agar 20g,and water 1L.The optimal formula was found to be soluble starch,yeast extract,CaCO₃,2%wheat kernels?1L juice?,and the optimal temperature was 23°C-25°C,pH:6.0-7.0.Four factors and three levels of variable orthogonal experiments were carried out.The results showed that the best C/N ratio was 20:1 for soluble starch 40g,yeast extract 2g,CaCO₃0.2g and VE 50 mg.The results showed that compared with the biological characteristics of A.padanus?A?and A.padanus?B?,the available carbon source,nitrogen source,inorganic salt,growth factor,temperature and pH are all the same,but the utilization ratio of carbon to nitrogen is not the same.The results showed that A.padanus?A?collected in Ordos and the A.padanus?C?collected in Xinjiang indicated the degree of influence of geographical differences on mycelia.The carbon source,nitrogen source,growth factor and temperature of the two mushrooms were consistent with pH,but the ratio of carbon to nitrogen was not the same,and the A.padanus?C?was not recommended to add inorganic salt.The available carbon source,nitrogen source,inorganic salt,growth factor and C/N ratio of the mycelia of A.padanus?A?collected in Ordos are different from those of A.sinodeliciosus.In the study of the domestication of A.padanus?A?,the two methods of opening the bag and covering the soil have been used successfully.Optimal temperature 20-25?,pH 6.5-7.5.The bacterial bag was overgrown for 30-45 days.Temperature was 17.5-22.0°C,air humidity was90%-95%,aeration duration was 1-2h/day,and scattered light was 2-3h/day after young mushroom emergence.The fruiting body has the same morphology as the wild fruiting body and was identified as A.padanus by molecular biology.In the study on domestication and cultivation of A.padanus?C?,the temperature is 20-25?.The method of covering soil has been successful mushroom.The thickness is 3-5cm thick when covering the soil,and the humidity cannot be too high.The fruiting body has the same morphology as the wild fruiting body and was identified as A.padanus by molecular biology.In the process of domestication and cultivation of A.sinodeliciosus,the temperature is 20-25?.The thickness was 3-5cm thick when the soil was covered,and the humidity could not be too high when young mushrooms emerged after 30-35days.The domesticated fruiting bodies had the same morphology as wild fruiting bodies and were identified as A.sinodeliciosus by molecular biology.The nutrient compositions of A.padanus and A.sinodeliciosus were compared.The results showed that the highest crude protein content was the fruiting body of wild A.sinodeliciosus;the highest crude fat content was wild A.padanus;the highest crude fiber content was wild A.sinodeliciosus;the highest ash content was domesticated A.padanus;its total sugar content was similar.The highest sum of amino acids was found in wild A.padanus.It contains trace elements such as potassium,sodium,magnesium,iron,calcium,and copper;the content of mercury and lead in the domesticated A.padanus is lower than that in the wild A.padanus.The different concentrations of the extracts from each layer of wild A.padanus and A.sinodeliciosus had different degrees of antioxidant activity,and the antioxidant capacity became stronger as the concentration increased.The results showed that the DPPH radical scavenging ability and ABTS radical scavenging ability of ethyl acetate layer in each layer of A.padanus extract were stronger than those of A.sinodeliciosus.