| In order to study the interaction mechanism between plant growth and water,fertilizer and light intensity in delayed cultivation of grape in greenhouse facilities,and to explore the optimum technology of high-quality grape production,the 10-year-old Red Globe grape in Yongdeng County of Gansu Province was selected as the test material.Three factors,water(A),fertilizer(B)and light intensity(C),were selected,and three levels were added water,fertilizer and different shading rates at different growth stages.The experiment was divided into nine treatments,each of which was repeated three times.The effects of different treatments on the changes of plant growth indices such as transverse and longitudinal diameter of leaves,thickness of leaves,diameter between branches,transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of grape grapes were studied by orthogonal design method.The effects of different treatments on grape yield and fruit quality were also analyzed and discussed.The main results are as follows:(1)The transverse and longitudinal diameter of leaves,leaf thickness,fruit grain transverse and longitudinal diameter,and new shoot internode diameter increased with the increase of additional water and fertilizer application,but decreased with the increase of shading rate.The transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter and branch diameter of T9 treated optimally in this experiment were 210.4 mm,180.3 mm and 10.08 mm,respectively,which increased by 18.87%,23.07% and 10.89% compared with 177.0 mm,146.5 mm and 9.0 mm in the control group.The results of range analysis showed that the order of influence of each factor on the growth of transverse and longitudinal diameter and internode diameter of grape leaves was C>A>B.At the end of fruit ripening stage,the thickness of leaves in T9 treatment was 0.545 mm,and that in control treatment was 0.475 mm,with an increase of 14.74%.The transverse and longitudinal diameter of grains in T9 treatment was 26.6 mm and 35.7 mm,respectively,which was larger than that in control treatment(24.3 mm and 31.2 mm).The order of influence on leaf thickness and grain diameter was B > C > A.(2)Leaf growth showed a "S" trend.In the first three weeks of growth,the growth rate of transverse and longitudinal diameter of leaves in T9 treatment group was higher than that in T1 treatment,and the difference reached a significant level.The internode diameter and petiole length in T9 treatment group were 16.3%,11.6%,14.0% and 21.0%,25.0% and 6.1% higher than those in T1 treatment in the first three weeks,respectively.After water and fertilizer were applied at themiddle and turn-color stages of new shoot growth without shading treatment,the plants grew well in the new and slight growth stage.The transverse and longitudinal diameter of grape leaves,petiole length and inter-node diameter of branches were larger.Under the treatment of 50% shading rate,the growth indexes of new shoot growth period were lower than those of the control group and there were significant differences.Grape grain size increased in a "fast-slow-fast-slow" double "S" growth trend.The first expansion period was from early August to early September,and entered the grape color-changing stage in mid-September.In this stage,the grain size grew slowly.The second expansion period was in the early stage of grape color maturity,and the length of grain diameter stopped growing in the middle and late stage of ripening.Although each treatment was affected by different factors,it had no significant effect on the growth trend of double "S" type particle size.After increasing water and fertilizer application in the color-changing stage,the growth rate of fruit grains in the transverse and secondary enlargement stages was increased,and the fruit shape index was also increased.(3)The experiment of adding water and fertilizer to the middle growth stage and the color-changing stage of new shoots increased the grape yield.The yield of T9 treatment group was26283.52 kg/hm2,which was 11.54% higher than that of T1 control group.The contents of soluble solids,total sugar and vitamin C in fruit of T9 treatment group were higher than those of T1 control group,which were 10.0%,11.8% and 12.2% higher respectively.Titrable acid decreased by 14.6%compared with T1 group.At the same time,increasing water and fertilizer application during shoot growth and color transformation stage could increase the content of soluble solids,total sugar and vitamin C in grape fruits,and effectively reduce the content of titratable acid.Under 50% shading rate,the fruit quality of T7 treatment decreased to a great extent.Compared with the control treatment,the lowest contents of soluble solids,total sugar and vitamin C decreased by 7.2%,28.1% and 17.5%,respectively.Titrable acid increased by 16.3%.Under low light intensity,the fruit quality would decline seriously.(4)There was a positive correlation between leaf water content and soil volume water content.Soil volumetric water content varies in different plant growth stages.Water consumption of grapes varies in different growth stages.The relationship between soil volumetric water content and grape growth stage is as follows: shoot growth stage > fruit expansion stage > germination and leaf development stage > flowering stage > fruit ripening stage.During the growth period,the lowestsoil volume moisture content was about 45%,and the highest was 75% through irrigation.After irrigation,the leaf water content increased,and the highest was about 80%.The average leaf water content in the optimum treatment T9 was 68% to 73% in the shoot growth stage and 65% to 72% in the fruit secondary expansion stage.Rational water supply in the middle and color-changing stages of shoot growth could promote the good growth and development of grape plants and improve fruit quality. |
PDF Full Text Request