Study On Fertilizer And Water Requirement Characteristics And Efficient Utilization Technology Of Grape In Protected Cultivation

In order to clarify the characteristics of fertilizer and water demand of grape in greenhouse,this experiment used’87-1’as material to study the characteristics of fertilizer and water demand of grape in different growth stages.At the same time,using orthogonal experiment design and TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation,the best combination of fertilizer and irrigation scheme for fruit quality was put forward,which could provide theoretical reference for scientific fertilizer and water management of protected grape.The test results show that:（1）The demand for each element in the Mature-deciduous stage is large,and the absorption rate is low.Organic fertilizer can be considered to ensure sufficient supply and continuous supply of fertilizer.In the end flowering-seed development stage,the demand for potassium is large and the absorption rate is high.It is considered to use water-soluble quick-acting potassium fertilizer and sprayed with foliar fertilizer to achieve timely and sufficient supply of potassium fertilizer.For the production of 1000kg of fruit,the annual demand for nitrogen is 5.71kg,phosphorus 2.35kg,potassium 5.79kg,calcium 7.74kg,magnesium 1.30kg,boron 10.31g,copper 10.13g,iron 242.84g,manganese 66.48g,molybdenum 0.88g,zinc 29.66 g,can be used as a reference value,the specific fertilization amount can be combined with other factors such as fertilizer utilization efficiency and nutrient release characteristics under production conditions,and a reasonable fertilization scheme is formulated.（2）Among the 16 fertilization treatments,the comprehensive quality of F16 is the best,and the corresponding fertilization combination is N₄P₄K₁Ca₃Mg₂,that is,the amount of fertilization per mu is37.5 kg of nitrogen,14.06 kg of phosphorus pentoxide,0 kg of potassium oxide,22.5 kg of calcium oxide,and 4.69kg of magnesium oxide.The theoretical optimal fertilization scheme obtained by orthogonal test variance analysis is:N₃P₄K₂Ca₃Mg₂,the fruit obtained when 25 kg of nitrogen,14.06 kg of phosphorus pentoxide,11.25 kg of potassium oxide,22.5 kg of calcium oxide and 4.69 kg of magnesium oxide per mu are applied.The comprehensive quality is the best.（3）The proportions of stem flow in the germination-initial flowering stage,the initial flowering-end flowering stage,end flowering-coloring stage,the coloring-mature stage,and the mature-deciduous stage accounted for 5.41%,6.51%,24.03%,10.18%and 53.87%,respectively.The minimum stem flow rate at the germination-initial flowering stage was 0.99 kg/d,and the maximum r stem flow rate at the e end flowering-coloring stage was 4.73 kg/d.（4）Among the nine irrigation treatments,W4 had the best comprehensive quality,and the corresponding irrigation combination was A₂B₁C₂D₃.The relative soil water content ranged from70-80%,60-70%,60-70%and 55-70%in germination-end flowering stage,end flowering-coloring stage,the coloring-mature stage and mature-deciduous stage,respectively.Through orthogonal test difference analysis and TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation,the theoretical irrigation scheme for the best comprehensive quality was determined as A₂B₂C₁D₃.The best comprehensive quality of fruits was obtained when the relative water content ranged from 70%to 80%,from 70%to 80%,from 55%to 65%and from 55%to 70%in germination-end flowering stage,end flowering-coloring stage,the coloring-mature stage and mature-deciduous stage,respectively.（5）According to the CND method,the nutritional balance of the low-quality test area is poor,and the content of phosphorus,calcium and magnesium is low,and the content of nitrogen and potassium is sufficient.The suitable reference values of the elements in plant tissues are:1.81-2.10%nitrogen,0.26-0.40%phosphorus,0.53-0.73%potassium,0.53-0.57%calcium,0.66-0.8%magnesium,17.6-24.6mg/kg boron,Copper 8.7-12.1 mg/kg,iron 44.2-59.6 mg/kg,manganese 152-184 mg/kg,molybdenum0.2-0.5 mg/kg,zinc 28.0-30.5 mg/kg.The suitable reference values of various elements in the soil are:alkaline nitrogen solution 98.0-171.5mg/kg,available phosphorus 35-90mg/kg,available potassium157.6-254.1mg/kg,exchangeable calcium 1.69-2.27g/kg,exchangeability Magnesium 0.18-0.27g/kg.