| Field experiment was conducted in Huangtai grape base of Wuwei in Gansu province onApril to September2013,the effects of the different soil irrigation maximum on growth,physi-ological characteristic,yield and quality of Merlot wine grape were studied under Small tubeflow irrigation.We set three soil irrigation level,as field water capacity(θf) of100%,90%,80%and set six different irrigation maximum on period of duration except for stages in germi-nation and irrigation limit of70%θf,in order to provide suitable irrigation maximum for theregion wine grape growing.The results showed that:(1)With the improving of irrigation maximum, soil moisture and water consumption ofeach treatment showed an increasing trend.The water consumption rate and mold coefficientof water showed the "the smallest-increase-reduce-the maximum-to reduce" trends in thewhole growth period.The water consumption, water consumption rate and mold coefficient ofeach treatment were the biggest in fruit enlargement period,reaching189.16~262.20mm,2.87~3.97mm/d,53.30%~58.63%,and reached significant difference with CK,explained that winegrape was more sensitive to moisture in fruit enlargement period.(2)With the increasing of soil depth, soil temperature amplitude decreases as5cm>15cm>10cm>20cm>25cm; the soil temperature ranging was the largest at8:00in morning,followedby14:00and20:00was the smallest; reduced the maximum irrigation can significantlyincrease the soil temperature with80%θf>90%θf>100%θf.(3)With the improving of irrigation maximum, the net photosynthetic rate of wine grapewas90%θf>100%θf>80%θf,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were100%θf>90%θf>80%θf,water use efficiency was90%θf>80%θf>100%θf,stated that irrigation maximum of90%θfcan reduce the invalid transpiration and increase the net photosynthetic rate and wateruse efficiency of wine grape, showed that too high or too low soil moisture content were notconducive to the crop photosynthesis.(4) Compered with CK,under the irrigation maximum treatment T1with90%θf,the leaf area of wine grape was maximum;the height,new shoot and fruit grain diameter grewwell,avoided excessive vegetative growth and promoted the growth of wine grape;the indexesof treatment T2with80%θfwere the lowest, stated that continuing lower irrigation maximumin the whole growth period restrained the development of wine grape.(5) The analysis on the production and quality of wine grape showed that the fruitdiameter,single and spike grain weight under the irrigation maximum90%θfT1were theoptimal;the sugar,sugar acid ratio,anthocyanins,total phenolic and tannin were optimal.Compared with treatment T1,under irrigation maximum increased in fruit enlargementperiod,yield of treatment T4increased by19.4%,quality decreased non-significantly and wecan moderately increase irrigation maximum in this period.Considering the influence of different irrigation maximum on growing of wine grape,the irrigation maximum90%θfis the more suitable soil irrigation maximum index for winegrape growing and we can moderately increase irrigation maximum in fruit enlargementperiod which is sensitive to moisture and promote crop growth. |
