| Since the establishment of the modern China,its state-owned forest farms have been in process of construction and development.It is playing a decisive role in afforestation and forest resources cultivation for nearly70 years,not only an important force for ecological restoration but also an important component of modern forestry development.Since 2015,the Chinese Party Central Committee and the state council were in line with the strategic requirements of building an ecological civilization and a beautiful China,the state-owned forest region reform guidance and other normative guidance documents were produced in succession.How to realize and explore the sustainable management of state-owned forest farms under the background of the new era reform has possessed great opportunities and challenges as well.In response to the national call,Fujian province launched the reform of state-owned forest farms to protect and cultivate forest resources and to reduce forest resource logging.It had continually issued the reform implementation plan and the guiding opinions on the reform of state-owned forest farms in counties of Fujian province,clarifying the functional positioning and public welfare attributes of forest farms.Emphasize was given on the maintenance and improvement of the ecological function of forest resources as the starting point and to encourage flexible and diverse forms of operation.The current forest coverage rate of Fujian province was 66.80%,ranking first in China for40 consecutive years.However,there were still some glitches such as unsound policies,different forest resource conditions and unclear management positioning.With the background of the requirement of ecological civilization development in the new era,there was no deep research taken on how to scientifically evaluate the sustainable management performance of forest farm,effectively innovate the management system,and to optimize the forest benefits of forest farm.Therefore,the sustainable management countermeasures to reform forest farming was the focus of current forestry researchers.In view of this,state-owned forest farm in Liancheng county was chosen as research subject,which has passed the reform process and acceptance of the provincial forest farm in Fujian province.On the basis of analyzing the development process of the forestry farming,this research used the forest resource status survey method to analyze the forest resource situation of the forestry farm.Current management situation of the forestry farm,before and after the reform from multiple perspectives have been taken under study.After selecting and measuring indicators,the management performance evaluation system of the state-owned forest farm in Liancheng county was constructed.The main research results were as follows:(1)The state-owned forest farm in Liancheng county had an operating area of 14589.69 hm~2 and total volume was 1.34 x 10~6 m~3.The dominant species in the timber forest were Masson pine(Pinus massoniana)and Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata).The stand quality of Chinese fir was noticeably better than that of Masson pine.The land types I and II in the forest farm operational area account for 70.65%with better site quality.Each sub-field had bamboo forest resources,among which the area of the northern group sub-field was the largest(112.6 hm~2).The economic forest area of the forest farm was 138.3 hm~2,mainly including some fruit forests,chestnut cone,and edible oil forests.From 2014 to 2018,the main afforestation tree species in the forest farm were Masson pine and Chinese fir,and the afforestation was completed with a miraculous reforestation of 426.81 hm~2.Completed timber cutting was 398.82 hm~2,and the output volume was 430.89 m~3,with a total income of 30.9406 million yuan.Since the reform of the forestry farm in2017,the forestry farm has been classified as a public welfare regular stock level institution,with 47 employees approved including 1 director and 1 deputy director.The functional departments mainly included the general department,finance,production,and operation management departments.At present,61 employees were on the payroll with the structure tends to be aging.There were 37 employees involved in the technical secondary school education or below with overall relatively low level of educational level.(2)The construction performance evaluation system for the forest farm was divided into 4 levels with an overall level,the system layer,the category layer,and the indicator layer.Among them,the system layer was divided into three categories:ecological sustainability,economic sustainability,and social sustainability.Ecological sustainable indicators including current situation of forest resources,forest management situation,protection,and maintenance of forest resources.Economic indicators included economic level and economic growth while social indicators including social stability,social impact,and social progress.The whole evaluation index system was composed of 25 evaluation indexes.The comprehensive evaluation value of sustainable management performance of state-owned forest farm in Liancheng county was 0.8620,which was in a good state of sustainable management.(3)Although,overall Liancheng county was in a good state of sustainable management,but some problems through analysis still existed.Firstly,in terms of the management of forest resources,state-owned forest farms in Liancheng county had obvious shortcomings,unreasonable,and single tree species structure,and the proportion of conifer Masson pine and Chinese fir was too large.In case of the invasion and spread of dangerous forest diseases and insect pests(such as pine wood nematode),it would cause major security risks to forest resources.Secondly,the industrial structure of the forest farm was also single.It was also the source of business income from the old lines of logging.In the future,it will be necessary to develop the undergrowth economy,utilize its own advantages to develop healthy forest and nourishing sites,and increase the proportion of the tertiary industry in the structure.Thirdly,the forest farm urgently need innovation after the reform,which was not only the innovation of the system,but also to make up for the gap of scientific and technological innovation,emphasizing the development of forest through science and technology.(4)State-owned forest farms in Liancheng county should firmly seize the opportunity of reform,strengthen the construction of forest resources management and talent team,and improve the forest protection management system.According to the positioning of public welfare type of state-owned forest farm,the sustainable management and development channels should be broadened to gradually transform from production-type state-owned forest farm to ecology-type state-owned forest farm,so as to truly realize the significance of the reform of state-owned forest farm. |
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