The Effect Of Off-Farm Employment On Forestland Transfer:An Analysis Based On Endogenous Perspective

As the premise and starting point for the reform of rural land system,land transfer is the premise for realizing the scale and modernization of agriculture,and also an important basis for implementing the strategy of rural revitalization.At present,the academic research on land transfer mainly focused on the aspect of agricultural land.However,forestland is an important part of land.With the deepening of the reform of the new round of collective forest tenure reform,how has the forestland transfer market changed,and whether the forestland transfer transaction has reached the policy expectations,under the situation that off-farm employment of rural labor has become the trend,how can the micro-subjects of farmers realize the effective allocation of forestland,labor and other factors to achieve the goal of maximizing household utility? The in-depth analysis of this series of problems has certain theoretical and practical significance.This paper takes off-farm employment as the core explanatory variable,and aims to explore the actual impact of off-farm employment behavior on farmers' forestland transfer.On this basis,scientifically evaluate the effect of off-farm employment on forestland transfer.In order to achieve the desired goals,the research contents of this paper are carried out as follows: Firstly,the author systematically sorts out and analyzes the relevant literatures at home and abroad,and clarifies the research trends and development trends of off-farm employment,forestland transfer and off-farm employment affecting forestland transfer.Secondly,based on the farmer behavior theory,property rights theory and labor transfer theory,the theoretical analysis framework of this paper is constructed with reference to the existing research results.Thirdly,combined with the actual problems to be explored,taking into account the “double endogenous” nature of off-farm employment and forestland transfer,and the censord of forestland transfer data,constructing off-farm employment--forestland transfer double endogenous farmers decision-making model,using 1497 households in 18 counties of 9 provinces from the Stata Forestry Administration in China to empirically analysis the impact of off-farm employment on forestland transfer.Finally,based on the theoretical mechanism and empirical test results,the author drew conclusions and propose corresponding policy recommendations.The results of this research show that the off-farm employment has a significant inhibitory effect on forestland rent-in;on the contrary,the effect of off-farm employment on forestland rent-out has not passed the significant test.There are two possible reasons.First,for the farmers in the main forest areas,the forestland is not only a simple production factor,but more importantly,it bears the important social security function of the farmers,and then derives a strong sense of cherishing the land.Second,the forestland has the characteristics of personalized property.The new round of collective forest tenure reform strengthens the integrity and stability of the property rights,which makes the endowment effect of the farmers on the forestland strengthened,and the psychological reserve price of the rent-out of forestland is high.It is not conducive to the rent-out of forestland.Among other influencing factors,in addition to the transaction costs in the operating environment characteristic variables,the remaining forestland characteristic variables,family characteristic variables and village-level regional characteristic variables significantly affect the forestland circulation factors,the regression result is exactly the opposite are in the rent-in and rent-out decision,which is consistent with the farmer behavior theory.At the same time,the rent-in and rent-out behavior of farmers' forestland may be affected by two different decision-making mechanisms.The former is mainly influenced by the price mechanism and is more tend to market behavior,while the latter is mainly influenced by the psychological factors of farmers,and is more tend to non-market behavior.The results of this paper also show that,on the whole,transaction cost is an important factor that restricting the transfer of forestland,and it has obviously hindrance to the rent-in and rent-out of forestland.As the premise of rural land system reform,land circulation is the premise of realizing agricultural scale and modernization,and it is also an important basis for implementing rural revitalization strategy.At present,the academic research on land transfer mainly focuses on the aspect of agricultural land.However,woodland is an important part of land.With the deepening of the reform of the collective forest rights system,how has the market for forest land transfer changed? Under the situation where the non-farm employment of rural labor becomes the general trend,how can the peasant household,as a microentity,achieve the effective allocation of forest land,labor force and other factors to achieve the goal of maximizing household utility? The in-depth analysis of this series of problems has a certain theoretical and practical significance.This paper takes off-farm employment as the core interpretation variable,and aims to discuss the actual impact of non-farm employment behavior on the transfer of forest land of rural households.On this basis,the effect of non-farm employment on the transfer of forest land is scientifically evaluated.In order to achieve the expected goal,the research ideas in this paper are carried out according to the following steps: first,the author systematically combs and analyzes and integrates relevant documents at home and abroad,and clarifies the research trends and trends of non-farm employment,forest land transfer and non-farm employment affecting forest land transfer at home and abroad.Secondly,based on farmer behavior theory,property rights theory and labor transfer theory,reference to the existing research results,the theoretical analysis framework of this paper is constructed.Thirdly,considering the actual problems to be explored,considering the dual endogenous nature of non-farm employment and the circulation of forest land and the truncation of data on the circulation of forest land,a decision-making model of non-farm employment--the transfer of forest land "dual endogenous" farmers is constructed.Based on the research data of 18 counties in 9 provinces(districts)of the economic development research center of the National forestry administration,the paper empirically examines the impact of non-farm employment on the transfer of forest land.Finally,according to the theoretical mechanism and the empirical test results,the research conclusions are drawn,and the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward accordingly.The results show that the core explanation variable non-farm employment has significant inhibitory effect on the inflow of forest land.On the contrary,the effect of non-farm employment on the outflow of forest land did not pass the significant test.There are two possible reasons.First,for farmers in major forest areas,forest land is not only a simple factor of production,but also it is more important that it bears the important social security function of farmers to maintain their livelihoods,and thus generates a strong pity.psychology.Second,forest land has the characteristics of personalization property.The new round of reform of collective forest rights system has strengthened the integrity and stability of property rights,which has strengthened the endowment effect of farmers on forest land,and thus formed a high psychological reserve price for outflow of forest land.Finally,it is not conducive to the outflow of forest land.Among the other influencing factors,besides the transaction cost in the operating environment characteristic variables,the factors that significantly affect the circulation of forest land in the other forest characteristics variables,household characteristics variables,and village-level regional characteristics variables,Its regression results are opposite to those in the flow decision equation and outflow decision equation,which is consistent with the expectation of the farmer's behavior theory.At the same time,the inflow and outflow of forest land from farmers may be affected by two different decision-making mechanisms.The former is mainly affected by the price mechanism and is more inclined to market behavior.The latter is mainly influenced by the psychological factors of farmers and is more inclined to Yufei's market behavior.The results of this paper also show that,overall,transaction cost is an important factor that restricts the circulation of forest land,and it has a significant effect on the inflow and outflow of forest land.