Analysis On Stability And Adaptability Of Soybean Advanced Lines

In the past 40 years,the living standard of Chinese people has been rising rapidly,and the consumption of plant protein and vegetable oil has been greatly increased.Soybean is a high protein and fat crop,and its protein quality is high.Although China's soybean production has made great progress in recent decades,the increase in soybean demand is still a drop in the bucket.Due to the limitation of agricultural resources,management level,technology promotion,yield per unit area and other factors,China's soybean is mainly dependent on imports,and the dependence is more than 80% and has seriously threatened the national food security.Under the restriction of cultivated land resources,soil fertility and other natural conditions,breeding soybean varieties with high and stable yield and high quality is the main way to improve the competitiveness of soybean in China.However,the stability and adaptability of varieties should be evaluated after breeding to judge the popularization value of varieties.Huang-Huai-Hai region is the main production area of soybean planting in China,and the soybean output accounts for about 1/3 of the national output.This study adoptd the results of the test in Henan province from 2016 to 2018.Plant height,pod number per plant,grain number per plant,grain weight per plant,100 grain weight per plant,protein content and fat content were measured after harvest.The complex variance analysis,correlation analysis and consistency analysis,Additive Interactions can take model(i.e.the Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions,AMMI)analysis and genetic Main Effects and Genotype and the environment interaction effect(Genotype by environment interaction,GGE)double plot analysis were used to determine the test discrimination of varieties,division of ecological environment,screening most suitable varieties in the different ecological environment.The main results are as follows:1,The variance analysis and correlation analysis of agronomic traits of tested varieties were performed under multi-environment,and it showed that the error of the six sites variation coefficient is less than or equal to 10%(the evaluation standard of national soybean's regional experiment for less than 12%),suggesting that the quality has reached the various testing standards,the relevant test data can be used for subsequent analysis of the stability and adaptability.Correlation analysis showed that the average protein content and fat content showed a very significant negative correlation,and the hundred-grain weight showed a very significant positive correlation with the growth period,indicating that the hundred-grain weight of the varieties with a long growth period was higher,because the varieties with a long growth period have a longer grain seed filling period,these results were consistent with the results of previous studies.However,in addition to significant variations among agronomic traits of the tested varieties,there were also extremely significant variations between years.Although more new soybean varieties have a lot of requirement from a breeding perspective,more stable and adaptable varieties are most needed in production.2,For evaluating the stability of soybean varieties,first analysis of stability of soybean varieties was performed through the AMMI under multi-environment,the results showed that there are significant differences between varieties tested yield,especially between environments and varieties with the environment,there are significant differences between characteristic to show that the choice of sites in our study,has certain representativeness,at the same time also shows that different varieties of the agronomic traits are greatly influenced by the environment.Among them,the sum of squared variations between pilots accounted for 81.02% of the sum of squares processed in the joint variance analysis,and accounted for the main part of the total variation.The analysis of the interaction effect in AMMI model showed that there were most of the interaction variation the first principal component.In addition,through multiple comparative analysis of yield of all tested soybean varieties,the results showed that the average yield of all tested varieties was higher than that of the control variety Yudou 22.The average yields of Shengdou 19,Pudou 5110,Zheng 1311,Changyi No.3 and Shangdou 161 were higher than those of control Zheng 196.The results of multiple comparative analysis among the test sites showed that there was no difference in the average yield in Zhumadian,Shangqiu and Luohe.The average yield in Yuanyang was the highest,followed by Puyang,and the difference with other test sites was significant.The average yield in Nanyang was significantly lower than that of other test sites.Combining with the production of 21 for soybean strains tested stability can be sorted as: Shengdou 19,Pudou 5110,zheng 1311 Changyidou No.3,Shangdou 161,Zhaofeng No.2,Zheng 196,Fengyuan No 3,Zhudou 23,Yu huang 0311,Luodou 4902,Zhaofeng No 3,Zhoudou 31,Xingnongdou 16,Pudou 5136,Zhoudou 29,Fandou 9,Mingdou No.1,Zhengdou 0856,Zhonghuang 309,medium yellow Yudou22.3.The advantage of AMMI model is that it have the overall fitting and no limition for the interaction terms in the model,and is used to carry out unbiased estimation the least square method.However,fertility is not considered in the original model of AMMI.Because of its more intuitive and concise distinction between varieties and the stability and adaptability of the pilot,GGE double plot has been rapidly applied in recent years and has become the best visible stability analysis method at present.In this study,GGE biplot was further applied to analyze the stability of soybean yield under multi-environment conditions.The results showed that the sequence of discrimination of test sites was: Puyang >Nanyang >Yanyang > Shangqiu > Luohe >Zhumadian.The representative sequence of test sites was: Luohe >,Puyang >,Nanyang >,Yuanyang >,Shangqiu >,Zhumadian.Among them,the included Angle of Zhumadian pilot is obtuse Angle,which is not representative.The other test sites showed good discrimination and representativeness,which could be used as normal area test sites.In addition,we applied GGE double-plot plot to analyze the stability of the yield of different tested strains,among which: Yu dou 22,Zheng 196,Yuhuang 0311,Shangdou 161,Pudou 5110,Changyidou No.3,showed stable performance in different environments.Zhoudou 0856 and the most volatile performance,followed by Luodou 4902,Fengyuan No.3,Mingdou No.1,Zhaofeng No.2 and other varieties.The analysis results are basically consistent with the actual observed value.According to the above results,the tested strains can be divided into 7 groups,which are: 1.Changyidou No.3,Shengdou 19;2.Yuhuang 0311,Pudou 5110,Zhaofeng No.3.Zheng 196;3.Fengyuan no.3;4.Zhaofeng no.2,Shangdou 161,Mingdou no.1;5.Zhudou 23,Xingnongdou 16,Fandou No.9,Zhonghuang 309,Yudou 22,Pudou 5136;6 Zhoudou 29;7.Zhengdou 0856,Zheng 1311 and Luodou 4902.Among them,Shengdou 19,Pudou 5110,Fengyuan No.3,Mingdou No.1,Yudou 22,Zhoudou 29 and Zhengdou 0856 performed best in the corresponding ecological zones,which should be given priority in the promotion process.Among them,1 group of varieties is most suitable for promotion in the ecological area represented by Yuanyang,Nanyang and Luohe,2 groups of varieties are suitable for promotion in the ecological area represented by Puyang,3 groups of varieties are suitable for promotion in the ecological area represented by Shangqiu,and 5 groups of varieties are suitable for promotion in the ecological area represented by Zhumadian pilot project.The remaining groups do not have clear ecological zones for promotion at present,but may consider promoting the ecological zones represented by the adjacent groups on the way4.According to the results of AMMI and GGE biplot analysis,the stability of the two control varieties Yudou 22 and Zheng 196 was outstanding,but the variety yield of Yudou 22 was poor due to the earlier growing years.Zheng 196 performs well in all aspects and can be used as a test control.The stability and high yield of Pudou 19,Pudou 5110,Changyi No.3 and Zhaofeng No.3 were excellent,especially the Pudou 5110 and Shengdou 19,which can be promoted as the main varieties.Shangdou 161 and Zheng 1311 have good fertility,but the two methods have different stability evaluation.In the process of promotion,more test sites should be added for more accurate stability and adaptability evaluation results,so as to facilitate the promotion and application of new varieties.The other varieties were not outstanding,and the variance evaluation of some varieties was slightly different.