Impacts Of Tillage Patterns On Soil Physical Chemical Properties,Root Function And Grain Yield In Wheat(Triticum Aestivum L.)

In view of the prominent problem that corn straw to the field seriously affects the quality of wheat seedlings under the condition of double cropping per year of Huang-Huai Plain,appropriate soil tillage techniques are explored to improve quality of wheat seedlings and ultimately to increase yield.The experiment was carried out in Huanggang village,Xindian town,Xinzheng city,Henan province for 2 consecutive years from 2016 to 2018;the experiment was carried out in Luyou family farm,Sanqiao township,Runan county,Zhumadian city,Henan province By using a randomized block design,8 treatments were carried out by combining three factors of plowing,harrow and compacting: Deep depth tillage + rotary tillage(DT + RT;DT: 30 cm,RT: 15 cm),deep tillage + harrow(DT + H),deep depth tillage + rotary tillage + compacting(DT + RT + C),rotary tillage(RT),rotary tillage + harrow(RT + H),rotary tillage + compacting(RT + C),rotary tillage + harrow +compacting(RT + H + C).The main research results are as follows:(1)After 20 days of wheat sowing,quality of seedlings in different soil tillage treatments was significantly different.After the rotary tillage,emergence uniformity was the highest,while after deep depth tillage,emergence rate was the highest,the number of basic seedlings is the largest,and plant height was higher than that in rotary tillage treatment.Under the same plowing and compacting,emergence rate in harrow treatment emergence was 1.0%-5.7%,under the same plowing and harrow,emergence rate in compacting treatment emergence was 0.06%-8.3%,at the same time,after deep depth tillage,seedling deficiency and wedging were rarely seen.Cumulative length of seedling deficiency and wedging in RT treatment was the highest,and the average length of the two years was 55 cm.(2)Root activity of different tillage treatments showed the trend of "high-low-highlow" variation at different growth stages,during wintering stage and at jointing stage,root activity increased after treated with harrow and compacting.The number of nodal roots per plant reached the maximum of DT + H + C treatment at heading stage,and the highest values in two years were 45.2 and 40.2,in harrow treatment the highest root number per plant was increased by 14.8%,and the highest root number per plant was increased by 12.2% after compacting,respectively.(3)Grain filling rate in DT + H + C treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments during 5-10 days after anthesis,and reached its peak at 20 days after anthesis.Grain filling rate of DT + H + C treatment was higher than that in other treatments,and grain filling rate in DT + H + C treatment was higher than that in other treatments,and grain filling rate in DT + H + C treatment was 19.4% higher than that in other treatments(?=0.05).During grain filling stage,1000-grain weight increased the most at 0-15 days after anthesis,in DT + H + C treatments,it was increased the most,in DT + RT treatments,it was increased the least,and 1000-grain weight in DT + H + C treatments increased the most at 25-30 days after anthesis,which was 20.8% higher than that when treated by RT.According to the impacts of different tillage techniques on grain yield and its components,the highest grain yield was obtained in DT + H + C treatment.Ears per unit area,kernels per ear and 1000-grain weight were not regular in harrow milling and repressing treatment,and grain yield increased obviously,with a range of 1.4% 12.2%.Economic benefits,in RT + H,RT + H + C,RT + C,DT + H + C,or DT + H treatment were all higher than those in RT treatment compared with the previous farming patterns in the local area.Among them,the highest economic benefits was produced in DT + H + C treatment,and the two-year average was 12.3% higher than that in RT treatment.(4)During the whole growth period,deep depth tillage increased the soil moisture content in the surface layer,and harrow and compacting could increase the soil moisture content in the surface layer by 20-40 cm.After the compacting,the soil moisture content in the surface layer of 0-20 cm increased by 2.6%—15.1%.For soil nutrient content,heading stage jointing stage,under the same tillage,compacting factors,harrow can increase soil organic matter and other effective nutrient content,the plow,harrow,same crushed,also can increase the organic matter,other effective nutrient content,but in Zhumadian locations,the variation of rapidly-available potassium did not reach significant difference between the various processing.Considering root system growth,grain filling rate,grain weight formation and yield performance,it was concluded that DT + H + C soil tillage technique was the best choice in Huang-Huai area.