| Stropharia rugosoannulata Farl.Ex Murril,is one of the main edible fungi in international edible fungi trading market.The mushroom has good taste and beautiful color.It is easy to cultivate,becoming very popular among the growers in our country.In particular,due to the wide adaptability of Stropharia rugosoannulata to the environment and its strong stress resistance,the forest land cultivation has developed rapidly in the northern area of China in recent years.In order to solve the problem of the utilization of agricultural and forestry waste in the northern part of China,the paper collects 14 kinds of agricultural and forestry leftovers in Shandong province,designs 53 different cultivating material formula,and combines with the growth of hypha,the determination of extracellular enzyme and the yield of fungus in forest land,to screen out three high yield formula.At the same time,in taian,liaocheng,jining and other areas,the research on different forest land cultivation modes,different forest canopy density,different planting time,different soil covering materials and soil thickness and other forest land cultivation techniques are carried out,By studying the mycelial growth,yield and mushroom quality of Stropharia rugosoannulata,the key techniques for cultivation of Stropharia rugosoannulata in forest land were summarized.The results of the study are as follows:1.Experiment on mycelial growth of different culture substrates:Collecting 14 kinds of agricultural and forestry wastes common in North China,designing 8 groups of 53formulations formulations for inoculation culture,the results show that although Stropharia rugosoannulata is a kind of grass-rot fungus,it is suitable for the cultivation materials,which can not only grow well in pure crop stalks and rice husk,and it can grow well on the mixture of sawdust and sawdust and straw in a variety of hardwood trees.Based on the statistical results of mycelial growth rate,evenness,growth potential and length of long tube,this paper concludes:(1)13 kinds of 99 pure material Formula test results:the better for walnut crumbs,cherry sawdust,mulberry sawdust,poplar sawdust,rice husk,birch wood,corn cob,apple sawdust,followed by corn straw,wheat straw,miscellaneous sawdust,Cottonseed hull and Venkuan shell are unsuitable to be used as the medium for the cultivation of the Stropharia rugosoannulata.(2)In the formulation containing poplar wood as the main ingredient,the growth of mycelium of formula Y5(50%poplar wood,24.5%corn cob,24.5%rice hull,1%lime)was the best,followed by formulae Y12 and Y1;3)In the formulation of mulberry wood chips,the mycelial growth of the four formulations was better,and the mycelial growth of the formula S1(90%mulberry,4.5%corn cob,4.5%corn stalk,and 1%lime)was fastest.Followed by formula S2;(4)in the formulation of birch wood chips as the main material,the hypha growth of formula H1(90%birch wood,4.5%corn cob,4.5%corn stalk,1%lime)was the best,followed by Formula H2;(5)apple wood chips as the main material of the formula,the formula P2(70%apple wood chips,14.5%corn cob,14.5%corn stalk,1%lime)mycelium best growth,followed by formula P1;(6)In the formulation of peach wood chips,the mycelial growth of formula T4(30%peach wood chips,34.5%corn cob,34.5%corn straw,1%lime)was the best,followed by formula T3;(7)In the formulation of cherry wood chips as the main ingredient,the mycelial growth of the formula YT3(50%cherry wood chips,24.5%corn cob,24.5%corn stover,1%lime)was the best,followed by formula YT1;(8)W4is the best growing mycelium in the formulation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia(30%husk,34.5%corn cob,34.5%corn stover,1%lime);2.Mushroom cultivation test of different cultivation substrates in forest land,According to the growth of the mycelium in the indoor test,10 formulas were selected for the field cultivation test in the forest land.The results were:Mixture formulation 6(50%poplar wood,24.5%corn cob,24.5 The yield of rice husks and 1%lime was the highest.The total output of the first two mushrooms was 11.32 kg/m~2,the proportion of first-class mushrooms was high,the germination time was shorter(103d),and the early-mushroom was earlier(132d);Followed by formula 8(90%birch wood,4.5%corncob,4.5%corn stalk,1%lime),the fastest fungus(60d fullness),the earliest tide mushroom(125d),the first two tide mushroom production 11.05kg/m~2,a higher proportion of first-class mushrooms;yield ranked third in Formula 5(90%poplar,4.5%corn cob,4.5%corn stover,1%lime),yield 10.64 kg/m2 The germination time was shorter(100d)and the early tide mushroom time was earlier(130d);the yield ratio of formula 4(99%corncob,1%lime)was slightly lower than that of Formula 5,which was 10.34kg/m~2,and the germination time was lower.Short(119d),longer time for fruiting(146d).3.Determination test of extracellular enzyme activity using different cultivation materials:The pure wood chips,pure rice husks and the mixture formula mainly based on wood chips and rice husks respectively are selected to determine the content of the extracellular enzyme.Analyzed its absorbance at a certain wavelength,the results showed that the content of cellulase in the four kinds of cultivation substrates was the highest,and appeared earlier than laccase,indicating that the preferred carbon source of Stropharia rugosoannulata was cellulose,hyphae in pure wood and In the formula containing sawdust,the content and activity of laccase increased significantly,showing that Stropharia rugosoannulata.The mushroom can also make good use of the carbon source of lignin,showing 4 enzymes in the formulation of mixed matrix of cellulose and lignin.The average value was significantly higher than the other three formulas,which is consistent with the above-mentioned results of the formula test of the mycelium and mushroom.The results showed that Stropharia rugosoannulata is different from other grass rot fungi,and the use of lignin and cellulose is very good.The combination of two types of carbon sources is more conducive to the growth of hyphae,and it is a sufficient cultivation and cultivation medium for Stropharia rugosoannulata.The use of high-quality and high-quality preparation provides a theoretical basis.4.Orthogonal test of three main factors affecting mycelial growth:design orthogonal test with different levels of water content,inoculum size,matrix particle size,and four levels.According to the results of hypha growth,it gets that Stropharia rugosoannulata grows fastest in the cultivation material with water content of 70%,inoculum size of 3 stipes,granularity of3~5 mm.The second is formula with the water content of 65%,inoculum size of 3 stipes,granularity of<2 mm,and its growth rate gap is smaller.The results show that Stropharia rugosoannulata demands more on the water content and permeability than normal edible fungus,This result provides a basis for control of water content and particle size during cultivation of Stropharia rugosoannulata.5.Research on forest land cultivation techniques:Through the design of different forest land cultivation patterns,different sowing times,different canopy closures,different casing materials,and different cover soil thickness technologies,a comprehensive analysis of the yield and quality of fruiting mushrooms was conducted.The best cultivation mode is the mode of small sheds in the forest.The best cultivation time is mid-October.The best stand canopy density is about 0.7.The best cover material is 50%of forest land soil,50%of peat soil,and the best soil cover thickness is 3-4cm,the results of the study provide the first for the forest land cultivation can refer to the various technical parameters.Based on the results of this study,the high-yield formula and key cultivation techniques for cultivation of Stropharia rugosoannulata capsici in forest land were proposed.Solved the problem of full use of leftovers in agro-forestry production in northern China and all parts of Shandong Province,in order to further promote the rapid development of the industry and reduce costs and increase efficiency,which can provide reference data and theoretical support. |
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