| In this experiment,Clostridium butyrate was added into the diets of breeding pigeons to study the optimal amount of Clostridium butyrate added to the squabs,and the effect of Clostridium butyrate and certain concentration of Lactobacillus on the growth performance,immune function,intestinal function and the expression of growth-related genes of squabs,Then it provides the theoretical basis for the application of clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus to replace or partially replace antibiotics,and provides more references for pigeon breeders in selecting probiotics.108 pairs of pigeons of the same breeding period and 324 pairs of 1-day-old squabs were selected,each pair of breeding pigeons nursed 3 squabs.After weighing their initial body weight,the squabs were randomly divided into control group(A),antibiotic group(B)and 7 experimental groups(C-I),with 6 replicates in each group,each replicates of 2 pairs of pigeons and 6 squabs.Group A(basic diets),group B(basic diets+ 150 mg/kg chlortetracycline),group C(basic diets+ 5×107 CFU/kg clostridium butyrate),group D(basic diets+1×108 CFU/kg clostridium butyrate),group E(basic diets+2×108 CFU/kg clostridium butyrate),group F(basic diets+ 5×109 CFU/kg Lactobacillus),group G(basic diets+5×109 CFU/kg Lactobacillus+5×107 CFU/kg clostridium butyrate),group H(basic diets+5×109 CFU/kg Lactobacillus+1×108 CFU/kg clostridium butyrate),group I(basic diets+ 5×109 CFU/kg Lactobacillus+2×108 CFU/kg clostridium butyrate).The trial lasted 28 days.The results showed as follows:(1)Compared with group A,the body weight at 28 days of age and average daily gain of squabs were significantly increased in groups G,H,I(P< 0.05),compared with groups C,D and E,groups G,H and I respectively improved the body weight at 28 days of age and average daily gain of squabs,but there was no significant difference compared with group B(P>0.05);(2)Compared with group A,thymus index in group D and group I were significantly increased(P<0.05),spleen index in group F was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05),except groups C,D and E,the bursa index of other groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),There were no significant difference in immune organ index between test teams and group B(P>0.05);(3)Compared with groups A and B,the contents of Ig A,Ig G in serum of squabs in groups D,H,I were significantly increased(P<0.05),compared with group A,the content of Ig A in serum of squabs in group C and group G were significantly increased(P<0.05),the content of Ig G in serum of squabs in group G was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05),the contents of Ig A,Ig G in serum of squabs in groups G,H and I were higher than that of group F;(4)Compared with groups A and B,the content of TP,TC in group E were not significantly different(P>0.05),the content of TP,ALB in other groups increased significantly(P<0.05),the content of TC decreased significantly(P<0.05),the content of TG in serum of squabs in groups G,H,I were significantly decreased(P<0.05),compared with group A,group H significantly decreased the content of UREA in serum(P<0.05),there were no significant difference between group H and group B(P>0.05);(5)The activities of trypsin,lipase and amylase in duodenum of squabs in group H were significantly higher than those in group A and group B(P<0.05),Compared with group A,group G significantly increased lipase,amylase activity(P<0.05),and amylase activity in group C and group I increased significantly(P<0.05);(6)Compared with group A,the villus height of duodenum in groups G,H,I,jejunum in group H and ileum in groups G,H,significantly increased(P<0.05),the depth of small intestinal crypt was reduced to different degrees in each trial groups,the villus height/crypt depth(V/C)of the small intestine in groups G and H were significantly increased(P<0.05),and compared with group B,the value of V/C of jejunum and ileum in group H was also significantly inc reased(P<0.05),and the thickness of duodenal mucosa were significantly increased in groups D,G,H(P<0.05);(7)Compared with groups A,B,the expression of GHR gene in groups D,G,H,I increased significantly(P<0.05),the expression of IGF-1 gene in groups C,D,G,H increased significantly(P<0.05),the expression of IGF-1 gene in group I was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05),there was no significant difference between group I and group B(P >0.05).To sum up,Adding Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus into the diet of breeding pigeons can promote the growth of squabs,improve serum immune and biochemical indexes,improve the activity of digestive enzymes in the small intestine,improve the intestinal morphology of squabs and improve the body immunity.Under the conditions of this experiment,the best dose of Clostridium butyrate preparation groups was 1×108 CFU/kg;the combination effect of Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus was better than that of adding Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus alone. |
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