Effects Of Clostridium Butyricum And Its Compound Bacillus On Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices And Intestinal Morphology Of Weaned Piglets

The single application of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus in the diet of weaned piglets has been well promoted,but there are few reports on the application of the combination of the two substances.Based on this,the purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Clostridium butyricum alone or the combination of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus on the growth performance,serum biochemical indexes,and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets,for providing the theoretical reference for the application of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus.In the experiment,a total of 162 health weaned piglets(Duroc×（Landrace×Yorkshire）;7.79±0.02kg;were randomly assigned to one of three treatments（six replicates per treatment and 9pigs per replicate）based on body weight.Dietary treatments were designed as follows:control group（CON）fed the basal diet,the Clostridium butyricum group（CB）fed the basal diet+250 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum（the viable count of Clostridium butyricum was1×10⁹CFU/g）,Compound bacteria group（CM）was fed basal diet+250 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum+100 mg/kg Compound Bacillus(including Bacillus subtilis viable count 5×10⁹CFU/g and Bacillus licheniformis viable count 5×10¹⁰CFU/g).The pre-feeding period of the experiment was 3 days,and the formal period was 21 days.At the end of the test,one piglet was randomly selected for each replicate and slaughtered,and blood and related tissue samples were collected for testing.The results showed that:1)Growth performance:The addition of CB to the diet had no significant effect on the growth performance of weaned piglets,such as average daily feed intake（ADFI）,average daily gain（ADG）,and feed-to-weight ratio（F/G）（P>0.05）.The diarrhea rate of weaned piglets was significantly reduced（P<0.01）;the addition of CM significantly decreased the ADFI and ADG of weaned piglets,and significantly increased the F/G and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets（P<0.01）.2)Organ index:the addition of CB to the diet significantly increased the kidney index of weaned piglets（P<0.05）,but had no significant effect on the organ indexes such as the heart,pancreas and spleen（P>0.05）;the addition of CM significantly decreased the cardiac index.（P<0.01）,the addition of CB and CM significantly decreased the liver index（P<0.01）.3)Digestive enzyme activity:the addition of CB in the diet can significantly increase the activity ofα-amylase in the pancreas of weaned piglets（P<0.01）,while the addition of CM has no significant effect on theα-amylase in the pancreas;the addition of CB and CM It had no significant effect on chymotrypsin in pancreas and lipase in jejunum（P>0.05）,but could significantly increase the activity ofα-amylase in jejunum of weaned piglets（P<0.01）and increase the trend of lipase in pancreas（P=0.080）.4)Apparent digestibility of nutrients:the addition of CB to the diet can significantly increase the digestibility of energy in weaned piglets（P<0.01）,and the addition of CM can significantly reduce the digestibility of energy in the experimental animals（P<0.01）.And CM had no significant effect on the digestibility of crude fiber and crude fat（P>0.05）,and compared with CM,adding CB could significantly improve the digestibility of crude protein（P<0.01）.5)Serum biochemical indicators:the addition of CB and CM in the diet has no significant effect on biochemical indicators such as alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,urea,total cholesterol,glucose,lactate dehydrogenase,etc.of weaned piglets.Adding CB can significantly reduce triglyceride（P<0.01）,adding CM can significantly increase the content of albumin（P<0.05）,adding CB and CM both increased total protein and decreased alkaline phosphatase（P=0.078）..6)Antioxidant indicators:adding CB to the diet can significantly increase the content of catalase（CAT）in the liver and jejunum mucosa of weaned piglets（P<0.01）,while adding CM had no significant effect on CAT in the liver and jejunum mucosa（P>0.05）.The addition of CB and CM both significantly increased the contents of glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）and CAT in serum（P<0.05）,and significantly increased the contents of GSH-Px and superoxide dismutase in the jejunal mucosa（P<0.01）,but had no significant effect on the total antioxidant capacity in serum,liver and jejunal mucosa（P>0.05）,and tended to increase GSH-Px（P=0.054）in liver and decrease MDA（P=0.087）.7)Immune indicators:adding CB and CM to the diet can significantly increase the contents of immunoglobulin A（Ig A）and Ig M in the serum of weaned piglets（P<0.01）,and significantly reduce the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）.content（P<0.05）.Adding CB could significantly increase the content of SIg A in the jejunal mucosa（P<0.05）,and adding CB and CM both significantly increased the content of Ig G and interferon-βin the jejunal mucosa（P<0.01）,with a trend of increasing Ig M（P=0.064）.The addition of CB and CM had no significant effect on IL-1βand IL-6 in serum and jejunal mucosa（P>0.05）.8)Intestinal permeability:adding CB and CM to the diet can significantly reduce the content of lipopolysaccharide in serum of weaned piglets（P<0.05）,and adding CB can significantly reduce the content of D-lactic acid（D-LA）（P<0.05）,and had a tendency to reduce diamine oxidase（DAO）（P=0.059）.,but adding CM had no significant effect on D-LA and DAO（P>0.05）.9)Intestinal morphology:adding CB to the diet can significantly increase the jejunal villus height of weaned piglets（P<0.01）,but has no significant effect on crypt depth and villi-crypt ratio（P>0.05）;adding CM on the jejunal villus height,crypt depth and cashmere-crypt ratio had no significant effect（P>0.05）10)Intestinal short-chain fatty acids:adding CB to the diet can significantly increase the content of acetic acid,butyric acid and butyric acid in the colon of weaned piglets（P<0.01）,but has no effect on propionic acid and isobutyric acid in the colon and cecum.Significant effect（P>0.05）.The addition of CM to the diet had no significant effect on the detected short-chain fatty acids（P>0.05）,and the addition of CB and CM both tended to increase isovaleric acid in the colon（P=0.054）and propionic acid in the cecum（P=0.071）.In conclusion,the addition of Clostridium butyricum to the diet had no significant effect on the growth performance of weaned piglets,but it could enhance the activity of digestive enzymes,and increase the content of antioxidant indexes,immune indexes and short-chain fatty acids in the hindgut.The addition of Clostridium butyricum compound Bacillus in the diet reduced the growth performance of weaned piglets,but had no additive effect on serum biochemical indexes,antioxidant properties,intestinal permeability,intestinal short-chain fatty acid content and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets.Therefore,under the experimental conditions,the application effect of supplementing Clostridium butyricum in the diet of weaned piglets was better.