Effects Of Sowing Date And Sowing Quantity On Yield, Quality And Soil Physical And Chemical Properties Of Late-sown Winter Wheat

In order to study the winter wheat planting of “winter wheat-summer sorghum” in the central part of Shanxi Province,the high-yielding planting technique of winter wheat under the two-year planting mode of the summer sorghum(Jinza 30,growth period 95-100 days).Using "Jintai 182" winter wheat as experimental materiall,and set six sowing date levels: October 5,October 12,October 19,October 26,November 2,and November 9.According to the local production experience,the sowing date is delayed by 1 day,and the sowing amount is increased by 7.5kg/hm2.The sowing date and sowing quantity were studied for the growth,yield and its components of “Jintai 182” winter wheat.The effects of sowing date and sowing quantity on the growth and development,yield and its constituent factors,grain quality and soil physical and chemical properties of "Jintai 182" winter wheat were studied in order to make rational use of land and light and heat resources in the central area of Shanxi Province.It provides a theoretical basis for high yield and good quality cultivation techniques of winter wheat under the double cropping pattern of winter wheat and summer sorghum in one year.The results show that:1.The sowing date will delay the reproductive period of wheat and shorten its vegetative and reproductive process,while the quantity of sowing has no effect on the growth period of “Jintai 182” winter wheat.The plant height gradually decreased with the delay of the sowing date,and the late planting caused the plant to be short and stunted.Delaying the sowing date will result in a decrease in the leaf area index.Sowing from October 5th to October 19 th is conducive to the growth and development of wheat.2.The effect of sowing date on the yield and its components of Jintai 182 winter wheat reached a significant level.The yield and the number of effective panicles decreased with the delay of the sowing date.The yield and effective panicles of winter wheat planted on October 5 were significantly higher than other sowing dates.The number of kernels per spike increased with the delay of sowing date,and the 1000-grain weight was significantly lower than other sowing dates on October 26.The effects of different sowing rates on yield,grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight were not significant.The effective panicle number was significantly higher than the medium and low sowing at high sowing levels.Under the interaction of sowing date and sowing amount,the seeding was carried out on October 5,and the yield was the highest when the sowing amount was 150kg/hm2,reaching 7689.27 kg/hm2.3.The effects of sowing date and sowing amount on the grain quality of winter wheat reached a significant level.Compared with different sowing levels at the same sowing date,the protein,wet gluten,sedimentation value and hardness of wheat grain quality were all planted on November 9 and higher when the sowing amount was 375 kg/hm2.4.Sowing date had significant effects on soil bulk density,total porosity and mass water content of 0-30 cm soil layer after winter wheat harvest.The soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available potassium,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in the 0-30 cm soil layer after wheat harvest were higher than those before sowing.The available phosphorus content after harvest decreased compared with the soil available phosphorus content before sowing.5.According to the growth and development,yield and quality formation of winter wheat “Jintai 182”,the suitable sowing date is from October 5th to October 19 th,and the suitable sowing amount ranges from 112.5 to 292.5kg/hm2.During this sowing period,it is conducive to high-yield,high-quality and high-efficiency production of late-season winter wheat in the central region of Shanxi Province.