Study On The Effect Of La³⁺ On The Growth And Quality Of Salvia Miltiorrhiza

China is the sourceland of Chinese medicine,and the resources of Chinese herbal medicine are extremely rich.In recent years,with the deepening exploitation and application of rare earth resources,rare earth elements have been applied to the research of Chinese herbal medicine,so as to improve the content of effective components and the quality of Chinese herbal medicine.In this paper,different concentrations of La³⁺were used on seed germination and seedling growth to determine the concentration of La³⁺which is most suitable for the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza.Then the influence of optimum concentration of La³⁺on the yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza were studied,combined with La³⁺location in Salvia miltiorrhiza cells and various physiological and biochemical indexes,such as effective components content,the content of heavy metals and antioxidant activity,and so on.This study could provide theoretical basis and basic data for the application of lanthanum on Chinese herbal medicine.The results of this experiment are as follows:?1?Effect of La³⁺on Salvia miltiorrhiza seed germination and seedling growth showed that the low concentration of La³⁺displays the promotion effect on germination rate and germination potential,and the promotion effect reaches the highest level when the concentration of La³⁺is 30 mg/L,the germination index and vigor index were at the highest level when in La³⁺concentration is 20 mg/L.It could also increase the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein and chlorophyll.Meanwhile,the activity of antioxidant enzyme system?CAT and SOD?are improved,thus the photosynthesis and resistance of plant were enhanced;on the contrary,when the La³⁺concentration is high,La³⁺could inhibit plant growth.Thus La³⁺displayed the"homesis effect"on Salvia miltiorrhiza growth.?2?The cellular localization of La³⁺in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots and leaves showed that La³⁺can enrich in root cell wall in the process of La³⁺transported to leaves after absorption into the body from the root,it is more enriched with the concentration of La³⁺increased,and the amount of transportation to the parietal lobe increased with the increasing of La³⁺concentration;from the analysis of the ultrastructure of leaf cells,the number of starch grains and osmium granules decreased with the concentration of La³⁺increased,high concentration?1000 mg/L?of La³⁺excessive enrichment in cell wall and then salt crystallization produced.And this affects the morphology and function of the chloroplasts which the chloroplast becomes dilated and deformed,and the amount of osmium granules and starch granules decrease obviously.The formation of La³⁺is obviously related to the salt crystallization from the substance on the cell wall.?3?Results of La³⁺on the medicinal components and fingerprint of Salvia miltiorrhiza showed that 30 mg/L La³⁺for spraying on leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza were not changed chemical compositions in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge whether it treated one or two times,and just changed the content of the main active components of La³⁺treatment of Salvia miltiorrhiza.The contents of tanshinone IIA,two hydrogen tanshinone I,cryptotanshinone,tanshinone I,salvianolic acid B were significantly increased,and it has more significant effect which treated whith La³⁺for two times.?4?Results about Lanthanum on the yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza showed that La³⁺treatment for both annual or biennial Salvia miltiorrhiza had good yield effect,and two times treated of La³⁺has more significant effect than one time;La³⁺treatment not only can increase the contents of effective components in Salvia miltiorrhiza,improve the content of polysaccharide in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and the content of amino acid,soluble protein and nucleic acid,and also can reduce the heavy metals?As,Pb,Cd?content.It is concluded that La³⁺treatment can improve the yield and quality,enhance the resistance,and improve the curative effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza.?5?Results of antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract showed that the antioxidant activity of La³⁺treated Salvia miltiorrhiza is increased,including the total antioxidant activity,reducing power,metal ion chelating ability,DPPH·and·OH scavenging activity.The antibacterial activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract treated by La³⁺with against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Bacillus mycoides are enhanced compared with the control.