Influence Of Heterogeneity On Village Collective Action

Collective action of village is an important part of the public affairs,as a result,it is a crucial drive of further sustainable agricultural development to clarify the logic of farmers' participation in village collective action.As the main component of village collective action,the supply of small-scale irrigation systems is of great significance to promote agricultural production and achieve the ‘good governance' of rural public.However,currently,Chinese supply of small-scale irrigation is insufficient,with protection rules failing,irrigation efficiency reducing,which severely prevent agricultural production from developing.As the most direct users and beneficiaries,farmers' participation in the supply of small-scale irrigation is directly related to irrigation effect and agricultural production.In reality,because of limited funds,farmers cannot solve the supply of small-scale irrigation independently,what's more,at present,farmers' participation in the supply of small-scale irrigation is too low.From field research,different farmers have different attitudes towards the supply of small-scale irrigation systems.The concept of heterogeneity that breaks the homogeneity assumption of traditional economics is a major field of collective action.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to introduce the conception of heterogeneity into the research of farmers participation in small-scale irrigation systems.Based on the dual view of heterogeneity,it is divided into different levels and dimensions according to its characteristics.Selected specific measurement indexes of each to build the Tobit model to study the influence and marginal effect of heterogeneity,as a new way to improve rural collective action and deepen reform of rural public product mechanisms.Firstly,in this paper,we put forward the research ideas and innovation points on the basis of existing literature about collective action,small-scale irrigation,water conservancy facilities and heterogeneous.Secondly,define and elaborate the concepts of collective action,public goods,small farmland water conservancy facilities and heterogeneity.Thirdly,based on the field survey data of Ningxia,Inner Mongolia,Shaanxi,Henan and Shandong provinces,analyze the present situation of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy facilities in the research area,and put forward relevant theoretical hypotheses.Finally,the micro data is analyzed by the econometric model,and the different dimensions of heterogeneity are taken into account to explore the influence and marginal effect of heterogeneity on the collective action of farmers in villages.Through empirical analysis,the main conclusions show that: First,the effect of scale of cultivated land on farmers' participation in collective action is positive,and economic heterogeneity has a positive influence on farmers' participation in collective action within limits.As a result,we should accept appropriate income disparities and play the leading role of village elites.Second,farmers with exit options are more likely to participate in the supply of small irrigation and water conservancy facilities.However,different withdrawal options have different impacts on the participation of farmers in collective action.In which,skill,education and distance to town are particularly significant to farmers' participation in village collective action,which means collective action management should take the characteristics of village into account.Third,increasingly obvious social heterogeneity will contribute to the formation of the farmers to collective action,at the same time,as a measure of water users,it is an empirical analysis to prove whether has the administrative position and water users association significantly has positive effects on rural collective action.Therefore we should persist water users association and strengthen farmers self-management,at the same time,play the function of villages administrators to stabilize it.Finally,the gender of farmers has a positive influence on the rural collective action,but it is not significant.Therefore,we should focus on gender equality and develop convenient ways for women to participate in the association of water users.