| River crab(Eroicheir sinensis)is an important culturing object in inland waters of China.Since the breakthrough of artificial breeding technology of the river crab in 80 s of last century,the crab farming industry has developed rapidly,and the output of crab has increased rapidly.In 2015,the production of crab is 823259 tons,which is 47 times over that of 17500 tons in 1993.However,as the production of river crab is "changing day by day",because of neglecting the protection and research of the germplasm resources of the river crab,and the blind disorder and malignant competition of the management and production of the seedling,the germplasm of the river crab fingerling is mixed and deteriorated seriously.The supply of high quality seedlings seriously restricts the further development of the river crab industry.Therefore,the river crab seeding industry has attracted the attention of scholars and industry.Shanghai is one of the main producing regions of the crab seeding in China.Since 2011,the annual output of the river crab species in Shanghai has accounted for about 15% of the total output in China.Meanwhile,the river crab seeding industry has become a pillar industry of aquaculture in Shanghai: not only the proportion is significant(about 12%,second only to the southern whitening prawns),but also the scale has increased significantly(the average annual growth index is 258%).Therefore,the study of Shanghai river crab seeding industry is of great significance to the aquatic industry of Shanghai and the crab seeding industry of China.This paper first combs the related literature of the river crab seeding industry,and studies its industrial competitiveness.The development status of Shanghai river crab seed industry is discussed,including seedling source,production scale,output,production base,industry layout,cost efficiency and market share.The main problems of Shanghai river crab seed industry are also pointed out.Secondly,through the analysis of influencing factors on Shanghai river crab seeding industry,we find out the indexes that influence its competitiveness.Compared with other major juvenile crab provinces,the competitiveness,advantages and disadvantages of shanghai are analyzed quantitatively by market share,resource endowment,scale advantage,scale proportion,scale expansion and so on.In terms of market share,the river crab breeding in Jiangsu Province is extremely competitive and its market share has always been far ahead of the other provinces.While the market share of Shanghai larval crab is ranked fourth all over the country.In terms of the resource endowment index,the resources of river crab breeding and larval crab in Shanghai are abundant,which both have obvious comparative advantages.Through the analysis of scale advantage index,Shanghai shows a very strong competitive advantage in river crab breeding and larval crab.In order to further find out the influence degree of each index on the competitiveness of river carb industry in shanghai,this paper adopts Analytic Hierarchy Process and Expert Delphi Method.Through the expert questionnaire,the judgment matrix method is established to determine the weight of each index that affecting the competitiveness.After the calculation and ranking,the comprehensive competitiveness index of Shanghai river crab seeding industry is 4.639,ranking fifth,lagging behind Liaoning,Anhui,Jiangsu and Hubei,and higher than that of,Shandong and Zhejiang.The profitability of Shanghai river crab seeding industry ranks first;the resource elements capacity is at medium level;the branding degree is only superior to that of Zhejiang,and the capacity for sustainable growth is only superior to that of Shandong.The profitability and technology promotion capability of the Shanghai crab seeding industry are not as good as that of the other provinces.Therefore,the development of juvenile crab in Shanghai must give full attention to its advantages and make up for its weakness by increasing investment in scientific research,raising the output and quality of crab seedlings,fostering leading enterprises,implementing brand strategies and strengthening government support so as to enhance the competitiveness of river crab seeding industry in Shanghai.For the above problems,this paper puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions: First,improve the production capacity of juvenile river crab from the aspects of increasing the yield and quality;Second,improve the technical popularization ability from the professional talents,technology and information popularization;Third,strengthen the brand degree of the river crab seedlings by creating the ecological seedling brand;Forth,cultivate the leading enterprises with the integration of “breeding,reproduction and pushing”;Fifth,the government starts the subsidy policy of "Jianghai 21" seed improvement project and establishes a trading center for juvenile river crab.The innovation of this paper lies in establishing the evaluation index system of river crab seeding industry competitiveness by using AHP and Expert Delphi Method for the first time.By analyzing the competitiveness of Shanghai river crab seeding industry,we get the rankings of Shanghai and other 6 provinces,which makes up the blank of this research field.The research on the competitiveness of river crab breeding industry in Shanghai can not only help us to understand the competition situation of crabs in Shanghai,but also the competitiveness of other provinces. |
