| Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of seeding amount and different concentrations of paclobutrazol on the agronomic traits and quality of 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series).By comparing the agronomic traits of P.heterophylla,water-soluble extracts,polysaccharide and total saponin content of P.heterophylla that under different treatmengts,the appropriate seeding amount for 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series)was determined and the effect of paclobutrazol soaking on 3 varieties(series)of P.heterophylla was identified.The main results of the test are as follows:1.The seeding amount had certain influence on the agronomic traits of 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series).Among the 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series),the integrated performance of agronomic traits of the main cultivars in 2016 was better than those of Qian P.heterophylla No.1and Fengkang No.1;in 2017,the comprehensive performance of agronomic traits of Qian P.heterophylla No.1 was better,followed by Fengkang No.1.The 3 sowing rate,the sowing rate is375 kg/hm~2in two years,the agronomic traits of P.heterophylla are more obvious,followed by525 kg/hm~2 and 675 kg/hm~2;the seeding amount and P.heterophylla varieties(series).For each level combination,the combined performance of 375 kg/hm~2treatment and 525 kg/hm~2treatment of Fengkang No.1 and Qian P.heterophylla No.1 in 2016 and the agronomy traits of 375 kg/hm~2and 675 kg/hm~2 in the main cultivars were relatively better,In 2017 the comprehensive performance of the 3 seeding level treatments of Qian P.heterophylla No.1 was better,followed by Fengkang No.1,375 kg/hm~2 and 525 kg/hm~2,and the main cultivar,375 kg/hm~2.2.The seeding amount had a great influence on the yield and yield components of 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series).Within a certain amount of seeding,the yield of P.heterophylla increased with the increase of seeding amount.The 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series)had the highest yield for the first two years,followed by Fengkang No.1 and the main cultivars;The number of roots in the area and the weight of individual blocks were 1,348.11 kg/hm~2,134.81g/m~2,1170 pieces/m~2,0.1156 g/piece and 3129.29 kg/hm~2,312.93 g/m~2,2963pieces/m~2,and0.1062 g/piece;At 3 the seeding level,in 2016,the 525 kg/hm~2treatment and 675 kg/hm~2treatment yield,root weight per unit area,root number per unit area,and individual root weight were not significantly different,and both values were significantly higher than 375 kg/hm~2.Their yields and units were the area block root weight,unit area block number,and individual block root weight were 1165.74 kg/hm~2,116.57 g/m~2,1083 pieces/m~2,0.1062 g/piece and 1123.83kg/hm~2,112.38 g/m~2,1073 pieces/m~2,0.1042 g/piece;sowing rate and P.heterophylla varieties(series)combination of the various levels,two years are Qian P.heterophylla No.1,525 kg/hm~2combination of the highest yield,their yield,root weight per unit area,unit area root number,single root tuber weights were 1550.34 kg/hm~2,155.03 g/m~2,1367 pieces/m~2,0.1137 g/piece and3322.22 kg/m~2,332.22 g/m~2,3272 pieces/m~2,0.1018 g/piece.3.The seeding amount has little effect on the quality of 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series).Among the 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series),the comprehensive quality of the main cultivars was better than Fengkang No.1 and Qian P.heterophylla No.1 for two years.At 3 seeding levels,the overall quality of 375 kg/hm~2 treatment in 2016 was the best,followed by 525 kg/hm~2,and finally 675 kg/hm~2.In 2017,the overall quality of 525 kg/hm~2 was the best,followed by 375kg/hm~2.It is 675 kg/hm~2 treatment.The combined quality of 375 kg/hm~2 for seeding amount and P.heterophylla varieties(series)combined varieties was better,followed by Fengkang No.1,525kg/hm~2 treatment,main cultivars,525 kg/hm~2 treatment,Qian P.heterophylla No.1,375 kg/hm~2treatment,the main cultivar in 2017,the combined performance of 375 kg/hm~2 treatment and 525kg/hm~2 treatment performance was better,followed by Fengkang No.1,375 kg/hm~2 treatment and525 kg/hm~2 treatment,main cultivar,675 kg/hm~2 treatment and Qian P.heterophylla No.1,525kg/hm~2 treatment.The main cultivar,375 kg/hm~2 treatment measured the highest ash content of4.17%,exceeding the"Chinese Pharmacopoeia"(2015 version)provisions,does not meet the minimum standards for medicinal herbs.4.Soaking seeds with paclobutrazol has little effect on the agronomic traits of 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series),but it has certain regularity.After the 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series)were soaked in different concentrations of paclobutrazol,the comprehensive expression of agronomic traits of P.heterophylla was better,followed by Fengkang No.1 and finally the main cultivars.Compared with the control,soaking seeds with different concentrations of paclobutrazol promoted the number of roots and the length of the whole plant,and inhibited the diameter of the stem.The 20 mg/L treatment had the largest increase in root number and whole plant length,which were 39.27%and 20.30%,respectively.The diameter of the stem decreased by 2mg/L,which was the most,decreased by 9.79%.From the numerical point of view,the number of the main stem,the number of primary branches,the number of leaves,the number of underground stem segments,the number of stem segments above the ground,the number of swollen roots,the length of the underground stem,the aboveground shoot length,leaf width,root diameter of swollen root,root weight of swollen root,total biomass,underground biomass and above-ground biomass showed low concentration inhibition.As the concentration of paclobutrazol was increased,the inhibitory effect was weakened or showed high.The role of concentration promotion;paclobutrazol concentration and 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series)combination of various levels,different concentrations of paclobutrazol soaking different 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series),different agronomic traits have different effects.5.The effects of soaking seeds with paclobutrazol on the yield and yield components of 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series)were different.3 P.heterophylla varieties(series)had the highest yield of Qian P.heterophylla No.1,followed by Fengkang No.1,and finally they were the main cultivars;Qian P.heterophylla No.1 yield,root weight per unit area,number of roots per unit area,and individual root weight they were 1,936.74 kg/hm~2,193.67 g/m~2,2015 pieces/m~2,and 0.0956g/piece,respectively;0.2 mg/L treatment,2 mg/L treatment,and 20 mg/L treatment resulted in P.heterophylla production and root mass per unit area compared to the control.The weight loss decreased by 44.76%,34.51%,and 39.66%,and the root number per unit area of P.heterophylla was reduced by 32.32%,28.48%,and 31.30%.The individual root weight of P.heterophylla was reduced by 16.12%,7.67%,and 11.17%.Compared with the control,the yields of Fengkang No.1and Qian P.heterophylla No.1 were reduced,and the main cultivar,2 mg/L treatment and 20 mg/L treatment yield increased;The main cultivar,2 mg/L,the increase in root weight per unit area of treated yield was 124.22%,the increase in root number per unit area was 115.33%,the increase in root yield per unit area at 20 mg/L was 19.05%,and the increase in root number per unit area was15.62%;with the soaking concentration of paclobutrazol increased,the root weight of the individual planting cultivars did not change significantly at the same time,the root weights of individual blocks of Fengkang No.1 and Qian P.heterophylla No.1 were reduced to different extents.6.Soaking seeds with paclobutrazol improves the quality of 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series).The 3 P.heterophylla varieties(series)had the best quality,followed by the main cultivated varieties,and finally Fengkang No.1.Compared with the control,soaking seeds with different concentrations of paclobutrazol mainly increased the quality of P.heterophylla by increasing the content of P.heterophylla extract and total saponins;the contents of extracts of 0.2mg/L,2 mg/L and 20 mg/L treatments increased 8.53%and 5.14 5.71%,respectively.the total saponin content increased 10.79%,20.38%,15.58%,respectively.The total soaking concentration of paclobutrazol combined with each level of P.heterophylla varieties(series)was the best.The comprehensive quality of Qian P.heterophylla No.1 and 20 mg/L treatment performed best,followed by the main cultivars,20 mg/L treatment and Qian P.heterophylla No.1,0.2 mg/L treatment was followed by Qian P.heterophylla No.1,0.2 mg/L treatment and Fengkang No.1,2mg/L treatment. |
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