Efects Of Alfalfa Meal And Alfalfa Flavonoids On Growth Performance,Immune Indexes,Antioxidant Indexes And Colon Microflora Of Weaned Piglets

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of alfalfa meal and alfalfa flavone on growth performance,immune and antioxidant indexes,colon microflora of weaned piglets.The experimental results were described below.The first experiment: In the experiment,120 weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)with 35±1 day-age by parity and weight similar principle were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 8 weaned piglets per replicate.Weaned piglets in each group were fed basic ration,including adding respectively alfalfa flavone 0 g/kg(Control group)、 1 g/kg(GroupⅠ)、2 g/kg(GroupⅡ)、4 g/kg(Group Ⅲ)and alfalfa meal 50 g/kg(Group Ⅳ).Preliminary experiment′s date is 3 d and official experiment′s date is 32 d.The results showed that alfalfa meal and alfalfa flavone had the certain effect on growth performance of weaned piglets.Serous immune globulin A and M in experimental group Ⅰwere higher than that in control group(P>0.05)and serous immune globulin G in experimental groupⅠwere lower than that in control group(P>0.05).Group Ⅳcompared with control group had no significant effect on serum immune indexes(P>0.05).serous total superoxide dismutase activity in experimental groupⅠwere lower than that in control group(P<0.05).Serous glutathione peroxidase activity in experimental group Ⅱ were lower than that in control group(P<0.05).Serous total antioxidant capacity in experimental group Ⅰ and Ⅲ were higher than that in control group(P>0.05).Serous malondialdehyde content in experimental group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ compared with control group had no significant effect(P>0.05).Serous total superoxide dismutase activity in experimental group Ⅳ were lower than that in control group(P<0.05).Serous malondialdehyde content in experimental group Ⅳ were higher than that in control group(P<0.05).Hepatic total superoxide dismutase activity in experimental group were Ⅱlower than that in control group(P<0.05)but hepatic total superoxide dismutase activity in experimental group Ⅲwere higher than that in control group(P< 0.05).Hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity in experimental group Ⅱand Ⅲwere lower than that in control group(P < 0.05).Adding high dose of alfalfa flavone reduced Hepatic malondialdehyde content(P < 0.05).Group Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲcompared with control group had no significant effect on hepatic peroxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity(P>0.05).Group Ⅳ compared with control group had no significant effect on hepatic antioxidant indices.To sum up,alfalfa meal and alfalfa flavone had the certain effect on growth performance and immune property of weaned piglets;adding 0.4% alfalfa flavone in the fodder had the certain increase on hepatic oxidation resistance of weaned piglets.The second experiment: design of experiments and feeding management were identical to the first experiment.Last day of trial gathered colon contents of weaned piglets,extracted total bacterial DNA,sequenced in the Illumina Miseq platform.In total,484 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were generated,and 327 OTUs were shared by five groups,accounting for 67.56% of the total OTUs.The largest amount of OTUs was in group Ⅰ.With the increase in alfalfa flavone addition level,the Shannon index first increased and then decreased;both the abundance-based coverage estimator index and Chao index first increased and decreased,then increased,group Ⅰ of which were higher than that in control group(P<0.05).Sobs,ACE and Chao indexes in group were no affected by thⅣ ose in control group.The Shannon index and Simpson index between groups had no significant difference.The number of bacteria phylum and genus between groups had no significant difference.At the phylum level,with the increase in alfalfa flavone addition level,firmicutes′ relative abundance in the preponderant bacteria increased but bacteroidetes′ relative abundance decteased.Group Ⅳ compared to control group,firmicutes and bacteroidetes′ relative abundance had no significant difference.At the genus level,in the clostridium′ relative abundance,group Ⅰ,and were higher than control groupⅢ Ⅳ(P<0.05).With the increase in alfalfa flavone addition level,coprococcus′ relative abundance tended to increase,but group Ⅱ were higher than control group(P<0.05).Eubacterium and Anaerotruncus′ relative abundance in group Ⅱ were higher than those in control group(P<0.05).NC2004 ′ relative abundance in group Ⅲ were higher than that in control group(P<0.05).To sum up,alfalfa meal and alfalfa flavone had significant effect on colon bacteria′ relative abundance of weaned piglets(P<0.05)but had no significant difference on colon bacteria multiformity.Adding 0.1% alfalfa flavone increased colonic bacteria′ relative abundance(P<0.05).Adding alfalfa meal and alfalfa flavone in diets changed the composition and community structure of colonic bacteria.