Study On Breeding Improved Variety And Fresh-Keeping Technology Of Cut Flowers Of Iris Sanguinea

Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn.is a perennial cold-tolerant herbs of the Iris genus of Iridaceae,which has a well-formed,bright color and adaptability.At present,the utilization ratio of I.sanguinea in China is low and the varieties are less.Therefore,this article through understanding the flower bud differentiation of I.sanguinea,selecting characteristic varieties of breeding and studying fresh-keeping technology of cut flowers,in order to further development of brootian flowering regulation and control breeding in the future.It will also lay more material and technology foundation for developing new varieties of cold resistant landscaping flowers and fresh cut flower industry.The main conclusions are as follows:1.I.sanguinea flower bud differentiation was observed in 2017,the main process is as follows:starting from April 2nd,the I.sanguinea inflorescence differentiation phase divided into five periods:inflorescence primordium formative phase,inflorescence primordium differentiation phase,outer perianth differentiation phase,stamen and the inner perianth differentiation phase and pistil differentiation phase,lasting for 21d.In this stage,the early differentiation process is slow,temperature need to be more than 5 ?,if the temperature is shorter than this,most flower bud will no differentiation,turned to vegetative growth;later differentiation is faster and required temperature from 5?8? and gradually rose to 10?12?.The temperature of April plays the definitely role in the number of bud differentiation.2.There is no crossing barrier between different colors of I.sanguinea,while the affinity of the hybrids way of different plants with different flower shows the best performance,and this hybrid combination promotes gene exchange among plants,improve the richness of genes in species,increase genetic diversity,It is conducive to maintaining population stability and breeding new varieties.The F1 generation color separations of I.sanguinea as followed:Excepet for the peach blow,there is no segregation of characters in the selfing of the same flower with the same petal,this hybrid combination is not conducive to the stability of the population,the self structure characteristics of I.sanguinea avoid this disadvantage of selfing.The hybrids way of same flower with different petals and the same plants with different flower were relatively good.However,the hybrids way of different plants with different flower is more suitable for cross breeding of I.sanguinea.It is certain that white flowers and blue violet flowers are regulated by a pair of alleles.Blue violet shows a dominant trait relative to white,the white flower plants are all recessive homozygous.It is speculated that the plants of pale violet and violet are regulated by 2 alleles,in which allele regulated by pale violet and violet show linkage relationship with blue violet,exsist Co dominance relation,thus allele regulated by pale violet and violet is the dominance master gene.There are complete linkage and incomplete linkage inheritance in hybridization.4 strains with excellent characters were selected from the F1 generation,which can be bred as improved varieties in the future.Especially for the excellent single plant a,can be bred into the dwarf characteristic new variety of I.sanguinea.3.We have successfully bred new species of 'Forest fairy'.The international login was conducted,and the login Numbers is 17-0518.4.There are two or three flowers on the scapes of I.sanguinea,the scapes are thick,about 70-80cm high,which is suitable for cut flowers,especially the variety 'Tingdie'.The study on the preservation technique of cut flowers with 2 flowers on scapes shows:when distilled water is the bottle insert,bud spit at the beginning of about 3 cm long period for optimal harvest period of cut flowers,the vase flowering rate was 92.69%,the single branch vase life is 3.8d.Pre cold treatment of 4?,12h as the best state of cold treatment,bottle inserts flowering rate improved 1.43%,single branch vase life expectancy increased 0.5 d.Under the condition that sugar concentration is 30 mg·L-1,the maximum flower diameter of fresh cut flowers(8.2±0.31cm)can be effectively improved,and high concentration of sucrose has certain inhibitory effect.The effects of hormones,fungicides and other single factors on the preservation of the I.sanguinea cut flower,20 mg ·L-1 6-BA(vase flowering rate was 95.42%,the single branch vase life of 7.4d,the flower biggest flower diameter 8.4±0.32 cm)>200 mg·L-1 8-HQ>200 mg·L-1 CA>100 mg·L-1 Al2(SO4)3.On this basis to optimize the combination of chemical reagents and in early stage can be obtained through the orthogonal experiment the best encounter cold condition to 30 mg·L-1 sucrose + 8-HQ 200 mg·L-1,150 mg·L-1 CA +20 mg·L-1 6,BA +125 mg L-1 Al2(SO4)3 preservation effect best,bottle inserts flowering rate reached 98.94%,single branch vase life than the control group ascension 4.3 d,single flower biggest flower diameter 8.9±0.02 cm.