Screening High Quality Strains Of Active Protein Feed And The Study On The Effects Of Apple Pomace Solid-state Fermentation

With the development of animal husbandry in our country,the shortage of raw materials for protein and rising costs have restricted the development of aquaculture.Apple residue was a kind of important unconventional feed raw materials in shaanxi,the feed utilization of pomace has important social and economic benefits.But low protein content,high anti-nutritional factors in apple residue have limited its application effect,and the microorganism fermentation has provided an important way for its utilization.This paper have researched the kinds of enzyme produced by mildew and its activiy,as well as the modification effect of pomace fermentation through enzyme production test and apple residue solid-state fermentation test.On this basis,using good mold as starting strain,we optimize the apple residue two step solid-state fermentation process,and based on this process,we studied the pilot production effect.Finally,the apple residue bio-active protein feed was evaluated systematically by animal feeding tests.This study provided good fermentation strains for the apple residue fermented feed,the two-step fermentation technology and fermentation feed biological evaluation supplied scientific support and guidance to its extensive production and application.The primary results were obtained by research as the following:1.The study have screened out three strains of filamentous fungi.They were named as Aspergillus niger MHQ1,Aspergillus oryzae MMQ1 and Aspergillus fumigates MYQ1,which had high yield of hydrolase.The strain of Aspergillus niger MHQ1 could produce high quantity of cellulase,pectinase and xylanase,respectively was 64.67 U/ml,66.91 U/ml,216.70 U/ml.The strain of Aspergillus oryzae MMQ1 had higher activity of produce amylase and protease,respectively was 1782.65 U/ml,83.04 U/ml.The activity of protease and pectinase produced by Aspergillus fumigates MYQ1 is higher,respectively was 128.90 U/ml,51.56 U/ml.2.The complex inoculants of mold and yeast fermenting apple residue can significantly increase the protein content in fermentation production.And for this reason,we sifted three strains of mold,Aspergillus niger MHQ1,Aspergillus niger A8 and Aspergillus niger MHQ4,which could grow well in the pomace matrix.They can form good compound bacterium agent after compouding with candida utilis.When they were used to fermented apple pomace,thecontent of crude protein in production enhanced to 387.49 g/kg,384.72 g/kg and 339.46 g/kg respectively,and the inoculation rate were 79.2%,78% and 57%;and the pure protein content were 228.94 g/kg,200.06 g/kg and 203.70 g/kg,with the inoculation rate of 187.5%,151.3%and 55.8%,respectively.3.Pilot production study showed that the compound bacterium agent comprised of Aspergillus niger,candida utilis,lactic acid bacteria and bacillus bacteria could effectively modify apple pomace as bioactive protein feed.In two step fermentation process,the best way to protect the activity of probiotics and improve the efficiency of fermentation was to inoculate bacteria after two days fermentation and end the fermentation in four to five days.The number of yeast,bacillus bacteria and lactic acid bacteria in apple residue bio-active protein feed were 4.47 x 107 cfu/g,6.73 x 107 cfu/g and 1.27 x 108 cfu/g;and the content of soluble proteins and peptides were 1.80 g/kg,0.467 g/kg,with 1118.2%,522.4% fermentation rate of,respectively;soluble reducing sugar and amino acid content were 46.03 g/kg,17.74g/kg,the fermentation rate were 43.9%,472.1%,the inoculation rate were 150.2%,94.9%.4.Apple residue bio-active protein feed could significantly improve the production performance of piglets,increase the body's digestion of feed utilization,promote hormone levels in the body,reduce the number of intestinal pathogenic bacteria,improve the intestinal micro-ecology environment,inhibit diarrhea phenomenon.Piglets diet adding 6% apple residue fermentation feeding effect was the best.Compared with the blank controller,the piglet weight,daily gain and feed intake were increased by 3.16%,4.90% and 2.45%,respectively;the feed conversion rate was reduced by 2.74%;hormone level increased significantlyin the blood,while urea nitrogen and cholesterol content had a significant decreased,which showed that protein synthesis and metabolism of blood ability were enhanced.At the same time,the number of total bacteria in the intestine increased significantly,the number of Escherichia Coli decreased significantly,diarrhea rate felled by33.33% than control.