Study On The Human Residential Space Of Feala City In The Late Ming Dynasty

Feala city is the first large mountain settlement among the seven wall-cities built by Qing Taizu Nurhachi.From the 15th year of Wanli(1587)to the 31st year of Wanli(1603),Feala city served as the central settlement of Jianzhou Nuzhen for 16 years.During this time,Nurhachi established state institutions and enacted laws,and he has done well both economically and diplomatically.This laid a solid foundation for the development of Jianzhou Nuzhen from tribe to nation.Based on the records of historical documents,this paper is based on the investigation documents and cultural relic survey reports of many scholars in modern and contemporary times,and adopts the methods of field survey,on-site surveying and mapping and 3d real scene modeling.The characteristics of living space in Feala city under regional scale,city scale and architectural scale are analyzed comprehensively,and the orientation and cultural concept of Nuzhen in this period are discussed.(1)Under the regional scale,this paper analyzes the formation of the Nuzhen settlement system in Feala period from the perspectives of trade economy,agricultural economy and military defense;(2)Under the city scale,the structure of Feala city was explored,the settlement space of Feala city was analyzed,and the evolution rule of pre-Qing settlement space was summarized from the perspective of social development characteristics;(3)Under the architectural scale,this paper studies the position and spatial characteristics of the Tangse in the city,and analyzes the influence of Shamanistic space in Feala to the Shamanistic space in the palace of Qing dynasty;this paper also studies the space factor of the palace of Nurhachi brothers and their positions;(4)In the analysis of the cultural concept of spatial orientation,this paper explores the concept of Manchu spatial orientation through the analysis of the Nuzhen language and Manchu language,and the spatial orientation of Manchu nationality in the course of historical development is also discussed,so the spatial characteristics of Feala city can be found.This paper intends to show that Feala city not only occupies a very important position in the history of pre Qing dynasty,but also can not be ignored in the development history of settlements before the Qing dynasty——Feala can be regarded as the prototype of the settlement in space development from pre Qing to Qing dynasty.The discussion on spatial orientation concept of Manchu triggered by Feala expands the research perspective to explore the cultural characteristics of Manchu residential space,which makes the final research results of this paper not only valuable to the field of architectural history,but also instructive to the design of modern Manchu national and regional architecture.