Spatial-temporal Dynamic And Suitability Evaluation Of Rural Settlements In Shache County Under The Concept Of Ecological Livability

The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the strategy of rural revitalization,which regarded the problems of farmers,agriculture and rural areas as the most important work in the new era.The construction of ecological and livable beautiful countryside is the foundation of the theory of "Two Mountains" in rural areas,and an important guarantee to realize the harmonious development of rural people and nature,and the benign interaction of economy and environment.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out in-depth research on the evolution characteristics of rural residential areas,reveal its spatial distribution mode,dynamic evolution process and its influencing factors,so as to evaluate the suitability of rural residential land use and formulate the layout optimization plan,to alleviate the shortage of rural construction land,improve the rational and effective use continuously of rural land resources,establish a scientific and reasonable land remediation plan.And it's of great theoretical and practical significance to promote the construction of new socialist countryside with Chinese characteristics.Shache County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is a key county of national poverty alleviation and development work.The new rural construction and the project of enriching the people and settlement in Shache county have been carried out continuously.However,due to the limitation of natural resources and people's increasing awareness of ecological protection,the supply of construction land in the county is facing unprecedented pressure.Based on this,this paper takes Shache County as the research object,based on the theories and methods of geography,landscape ecology and statistics,to analyze the evolution law of rural residential areas in the research area from 1990 to 2018,and then discusse the driving factors behind it.And on this basis,according to the principle of suitability evaluation,from the perspective of ecological livability,this paper constructs the suitability evaluation index system,and then divides the suitability Class.Finally,the types of suggestions for optimizing the layout plan are formulated according to the characteristics of the study area.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 1990 to 2018,the transformation of landscape types in Shache county was significant,mainly in the central and northeast areas of the study area,including: grassland,forest land turned into cultivated land,cultivated land turned into urban and rural residential land.The most violent period of landscape type transformation is from 2000 to 2010.(2)From 1990 to 2018,the spatial and temporal changes of rural settlements in Shache county were very significant.Among them,95% of rural residential areas have changed,which was mainly reflected in the scale and quantity of residential areas,and then in the form,aggregation,landscape pattern and spatial location.(3)The factors affecting the evolution of rural residential areas in Shache county are generally divided into two aspects: natural factors and social factors.Among them,natural factors mainly include river,elevation,slope and aspect,and social factors mainly include County,town center,road and cultivated land.(4)Based on the analysis of driving factors,the evaluation indexes were selected from three aspects of nature,social economy and ecology from the perspective of ecological livability.And the suitability evaluation index system was constructed.The suitability grades of current rural residential areas in Shache county were divided into four grades: high suitability,medium suitability,low suitability and unfitness.The proportion of each suitability grade rural residential area to the total area of rural residential land was20.65%,60.03%,15.31% and 4.01% respectively.(5)In Shache County,the suitability structure of rural residential areas is different,the proportion of suitability areas at all levels is also different,and most of the rural residential areas of different suitability levels are distributed.In a word,there are 6 highly suitable villages and towns,18 moderately suitable villages and towns,8 low suitable villages and towns,and 7 unsuitable villages and towns.Based on this,the rural residential areas in Shache county were divided into four types of optimized layout,namely,the reserved development type,the key development type,the moderate development type and the relocation and dismantlement type.This study can not only provide scientific planning and rectification ideas and reference for the construction of new rural areas under the requirements of the new era in Shache County,but also provide reference for similar regional research.